|
Characteristics
|
Lipoatrophy
|
Fat abnormality
|
|---|
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
OR
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
|---|
|
Boys
|
4.3
|
1.6–11.6
|
0.004
|
2.7
|
1.2–6.3
|
0.02
|
|
Age ≥ 10 years
|
1.3
|
0.6–2.9
|
0.54
|
1.4
|
0.6–3.0
|
0.42
|
|
Puberty onset: Yes
|
1.2
|
0.5–2.7
|
0.64
|
1.3
|
0.6–2.7
|
0.52
|
|
Moderate wastingb: Yes
|
1.7
|
0.7–3.9
|
0.20
|
1.4
|
0.6–3.1
|
0.43
|
|
WHO classification Stagec 3/4 vs 1/2
|
1.7
|
0.5–5.0
|
0.37
|
2.0
|
0.7–5.8
|
0.23
|
|
Viral load > 40 copies/mL: Yes
|
1.1
|
0.5–2.6
|
0.76
|
0.9
|
0.4–2.0
|
0.82
|
|
CD4 < 500 cells/mm3: Yes
|
0.5
|
0.1–1.7
|
0.26
|
0.6
|
0.2–1.8
|
0.34
|
|
Stavudine ever used: Yes
|
2.1
|
0.9–5.2
|
0.09
|
2.1
|
0.9–5.0
|
0.08
|
|
Stavudine exposure 1 year vs No
|
1.5
|
0.5–4.8
|
0.48
|
1.7
|
0.6–4.9
|
0.32
|
|
≥1 year vs No
|
3.6
|
1.0–12.6
|
0.04
|
3.1
|
0.9–10.8
|
0.07
|
|
Zidovudine recent: Yes
|
1.0
|
0.4–2.4
|
0.94
|
1.0
|
0.4–2.3
|
0.93
|
|
Zidovudine exposure < 3 years vs No
|
0.5
|
0.2–1.8
|
0.30
|
0.6
|
0.2–1.7
|
0.30
|
|
≥3 years vs No
|
1.3
|
0.5–3.3
|
0.61
|
1.2
|
0.5–3.0
|
0.63
|
|
Lopinavir/r recent: Yes
|
1.3
|
0.6–3.1
|
0.51
|
1.1
|
0.5–2.5
|
0.86
|
|
Lopinavir/r exposure < 3 years vs No
|
0.3
|
0.0–2.5
|
0.28
|
0.3
|
0.0–2.0
|
0.20
|
|
≥3 years vs No
|
2.2
|
0.9–5.4
|
0.09
|
1.8
|
0.7–4.3
|
0.21
|
- aAbbreviations: CI confidence interval, Lopinavir/r lopinavir/ritonavir, OR odds ratio
- bModerate wasting (moderate acute malnutrition) is defined for both weight-for-height z scores (WHZ) in children < 5 years or body mass index-for-age z score (BMIZ) in children ≥5 years as being ≥ − 3 and < − 2 [20, 21]
- cWHO symptoms classification: highest stage reached by the child before ART initiation
