Table 3 Distribution of antimicrobials used for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia treatment in studied ICUs, 2013–2015, no data: 56 (27%)
Antimicrobial agents | ATC codes | Antibiotic | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (16.1% of all antimicrobials) | 24 (100) | |||
Penicillins, with extended spectrum | J01CA | J01CA12 | Piperacillin | 5 (20.8) |
Beta lactamase resistant penicillins | J01CF | J01CF02 | Cloxacillin | 5 (20.8) |
Combinations of penicillins incl. Beta-lactamase inhibitors | J01CR | J01CR02 | Amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor | 14 (58.3) |
Other beta-lactam antibacterials (37.6% of all antimicrobials) | 56 (100) | |||
Second-generation cephalosporins | J01DC | J01DC03 | Cefamandole | 1 (1.8) |
Third-generation cephalosporins | J01DD | J01DD02 | Ceftazidime | 3 (5.4) |
JO1DD04 | Ceftriaxone | 4 (7.1) | ||
JO1DD01 | Cefotaxime | 21 (37.5) | ||
Carbapenems | J01DH | J01DH02 | Meropenem | 16 (28.6) |
J01DH51 | Imipenem and enzyme inhibitor | 11 (19.6) | ||
Other antibacterials (18.8% of all antimicrobials) | 28 (100) | |||
Glycopeptide antibacterials | J01XA | J01XA01 | Vancomycin | 6 (21.4) |
J01XA02 | Teicoplanin | 1 (3.6) | ||
Polymyxins | J01XB | J01XB01 | Colistin | 21 (75.0) |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (4.0% of all antimicrobials) | 6 (100) | |||
Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, incl. Derivatives | J01EE | J01EE01 | Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim | 6 (100.0) |
Aminoglycoside antibacterials (10.7% of all antimicrobials) | 16 (100) | |||
Aminoglycosides | J01GB06 | Amikacin | 16 (100.0) | |
Quinolone antibacterials (9.4% of all antimicrobials) | 14 (100) | |||
Quinolone | J01MA | J01MA02 | Ciprofloxacin | 7 (50.0) |
J01MA12 | Levofloxacin | 7 (50.0) | ||
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramines (1.3% of all antimicrobials) | 2 (100) | |||
Lincosamides | J01FF | J01FF01 | Clindamycin | 2 (100.0) |
Antimycotics for systemic use (2.0% of all antimicrobials) | 3 (100) | |||
Triazole derivatives | J02AC01 | Fluconazole | 3 (100.0) | |
Total | 149 (100.0) | |||