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Fig. 1 | BMC Infectious Diseases

Fig. 1

From: The inflammatory response and neuronal injury in Streptococcus suis meningitis

Fig. 1

Histology, immunohistochemistry and in-situ tailing of brain sections from piglets suffering from S. suis meningitis. Chloroacetate esterase (CAE)-staining of a frontal cortex section of a piglet suffering from meningitis (a; animal no. 10) or haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis (b; animal no. 3). Neutrophilic granulocytes and some monocytes are stained violet. Axonal damage was visualized by an anti-amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) antibody (brown) (c; animal no. 3) and was observed only in one piglet. Ischaemic injuries were visualized by H&E staining and also found only in one animal (d; animal no. 3). The densities of apoptotic leukocytes in meningeal infiltrates (e; animal no. 4) and granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (f; animal no. 5) were assessed by in-situ tailing (dark violet) and morphology. Proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus was detected by staining of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (brown) (g; animal no. 4). Young neurons were stained with an anti-calretinin antibody (brown) (h; animal no. 5). Microglia were detected by an anti-ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) antibody (brown) (animal no. 9). Microglia were slightly activated in the dentate gyrus (i) and highly activated (j) in close proximity to the CSF compartments. Astrocytes were stained with an anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody (brown) (k; animal no. 4). The horizontal bars indicate 100 μm (a-c), 500 μm (d), 200 μm (e), 20 μm (f) and 50 μm (g-k)

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