Immune responses in the treatment of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis with phenylbutyrate and vitamin D3 as host directed therapy

Rekha, Rokeya Sultana; Mily, Akhirunnesa; Sultana, Tajnin; Haq, Ahsanul; Ahmed, Sultan; Mostafa Kamal, S. M.; van Schadewijk, Annemarie; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur H.; Agerberth, Birgitta; Raqib, Rubhana

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3203-9

Table 2 Longitudinal change (week 0 and 8) in inflammatory cytokines in treatment groups compared to placebo

From: Immune responses in the treatment of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis with phenylbutyrate and vitamin D₃ as host directed therapy

	Crude		Adjusted^a
	β(95% CI)	p-value	β(95% CI)	p-value
TNF-α
PBA (n = 32)	− 0.17 (− 0.42, 0.09)	0.20	− 0.34 (− 0.68, − 0.003)	0.04
vitD₃ (n = 31)	− 0.16 (− 0.41, 0.10)	0.23	− 0.22 (− 0.57, 0.13)	0.22
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 32)	−0.13 (− 0.38, 0.13)	0.32	− 0.03 (− 0.37, 0.31)	0.85
IL-8
PBA (n = 32)	−0.29 (− 0.68, 0.09)	0.13	− 0.33 (− 0.71, 0.05)	0.08
vitD₃ (n = 31)	− 0.11 (− 0.50, 0.28)	0.57	−0.09 (− 0.49, 0.30)	0.63
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 32)	−0.17 (− 0.55, 0.22)	0.39	−0.18 (− 0.55, 0.20)	0.36
GM-CSF
PBA (n = 32)	−0.13 (− 0.38, 0.11)	0.28	− 0.27 (− 0.56, 0.01)	0.06
vitD₃ (n = 31)	− 0.19 (− 0.44, 0.05)	0.12	−0.19 (− 0.49, 0.10)	0.20
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 32)	0.08 (−0.17, 0.32)	0.54	0.06 (−0.23, 0.35)	0.69
IL-4
PBA (n = 32)	−0.10 (− 0.23, 0.03)	0.14	− 0.14 (− 0.31, 0.01)	0.08
vitD₃ (n = 31)	− 0.08 (− 0.21, 0.06)	0.26	−0.11 (− 0.27, 0.06)	0.20
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 32)	−0.06 (− 0.20, 0.07)	0.35	−0.05 (− 0.22, 0.11)	0.52
CCL11 (eotaxin)
PBA (n = 20)	−0.03 (− 0.17, 0.10)	0.63	− 0.19 (− 0.36, − 0.03)	0.02
vitD₃ (n = 17)	−0.11 (− 0.26, 0.03)	0.11	−0.17 (− 0.34, − 0.001)	0.04
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 19)	−0.04 (− 0.18, 0.10)	0.59	−0.07 (− 0.23, 0.10)	0.44
CCL5 (RANTES)
PBA (n = 20)	−0.07 (− 0.13, − 0.001)	0.04	−0.08 (− 0.16, 0.002)	0.05
vitD₃ (n = 17)	−0.05 (− 0.12, 0.01)	0.11	−0.06 (− 0.15, 0.02)	0.14
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 19)	−0.04 (− 0.10, 0.03)	0.27	−0.06 (− 0.14, 0.03)	0.18
CXCL10 (IP-10)
PBA (n = 20)	−0.11 (− 0.41, 0.18)	0.45	− 0.13 (− 0.51, 0.24)	0.47
vitD₃ (n = 17)	− 0.25 (− 0.57, 0.06)	0.10	−0.38 (− 0.77, 0.003)	0.05
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 19)	−0.15 (− 0.46, 0.15)	0.32	−0.16 (− 0.54, 0.21)	0.39
PDGF-BB
PBA (n = 20)	−0.03 (− 0.18, 0.12)	0.71	0.01 (− 0.15, 0.16)	0.92
vitD₃ (n = 17)	−0.16 (− 0.32, − 0.003)	0.04	−0.16 (− 0.31, 0.002)	0.05
PBA + vitD₃ (n = 19)	−0.12 (− 0.28, 0.03)	0.10	−0.12 (− 0.27, 0.03)	0.12

Data is presented as beta coefficient with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, PBA phenylbutyrate, vitD₃ vitamin D₃, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL interleukin, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor, PDGF-BB platelet-derived growth factor-BB
^aAdjusted for age, sex, duration of treatment, history of contact with active TB cases.
Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. P-value of < 0.05 is significant

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