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Table 2 Genetic variation significantly associated with West Nile virus disease. We include in this table all variants studied by two or more research groups and variants found to have a significant association by one research group

From: Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gene

Genetic variant

Entrez Gene ID [31]

Major Allele

Minor Allele

Number of Cases

Number in Comparison Group

Country

Key Results

Included in meta-analysis

ANPEP

rs25651

290

T

C

560 severe

950 non-severe infections

US & Canada

0.69 odds of severe disease [59]

Noa

G

A

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

CACNA1H

rs113802594

8912

A

G

1330 severe

919 non-severe infections

US & Canada

8.58 odds of encephalitis [61]

No

CCR5

CCR5 Δ32

1234

–

Δ32 deletion

560 severe

950 non-Severe infections

US & Canada

No significant association with disease [59]

Yes

–

Δ32 deletion

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

–

Δ32 deletion

422 symptomatic

331 asymptomatic infections

US & Canada

No significant association with disease [62]

–

Δ32 deletion

634 infections

422 controls

US

No significant association with disease, but significant association with more severe disease (p = 0.0016) [46]

–

Δ32 deletion

395 symptomatic (two cohorts of 247 and 148)

1318 controls

US

Significantly associated with disease in two cohorts (OR = 4.4 [1.6–11.8] and OR = 9.1 [3.4–24.8]), and fatal outcomes in one cohort with OR = 13.2 [1.9–89.9] [63]

HERC5

rs148556308

51,191

A

G

1330 severe

919 non-severe infections

US & Canada

Significantly associated with severe disease (p-value = 6.5 × 10− 10) [61]

No

IRF3

rs2304207

3661

G

C

422 severe

331 asymptomatic infections

US

0.52 odds of symptomatic infection under dominant model [62]

Noa

G

C

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

MIF

rs5844572

4282

5 or 6 CATT repeats

7 CATT repeats

518 severe

514 non-severe

US & Canada

1.73 odds of encephalitis among patients with high-expression allele as compared to all other types of WNV disease [64]

No

MX1

rs7280422

4599

C

G

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

4.05 odds of infection associated with variant allele [60]

Noa

C

G

422 severe

331 asymptomatic infections

US

0.25 odds of symptomatic infection under a recessive model [62]

OASL

rs3213545

8638

C

T

422 severe

331 asymptomatic infections

US

No significant association with disease [62]

Yes

C

T

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

1.85 (1.03–3.3) odds of infection [60]

C

T

33 symptomatic

60 controls

US

Significantly associated with disease (P < 0.004) [65]

OAS1

rs10774671

4938

A

G

422 severe

331 asymptomatic infections

US

No significant association with disease [62]

Yes

A

G

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

A

G

501 seropositive

552 controls

US

1.6 [95% CI 1.2–2.0] odds of seroconversion [66]

OAS1

rs34137742

4938

C

T

422 severe

331 asymptomatic infections

US

9.79 [95% CI 3.60–26.61] odds of encephalitis and paralysis [62]

Yes

C

T

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

RFC1

rs2066786

5981

T

C

560 severe

950 non-severe infections

US & Canada

0.68 odds of severe disease associated with minor allele [59]

Noa

G

A

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

2.8 odds under dominant model [60]

SCN1A

rs2298771

6323

C

T

560 severe

950 non-severe infections

US & Canada

1.47 odds of severe disease associated with minor allele [59]

Noa

A

G

39 severe

61 controls

Israel

No significant association with disease [60]

TFCP2L1

rs11122852

29,842

A

T

1330 severe

919 non-severe infections

US & Canada

3.57 odds of severe disease and 4.94 odds of Acute Flaccid Paralysis than controls [61]

No

  1. agenotype data not available for meta-analysis