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Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of patients with community-onset bacteremic BTIs with and without anaerobic coverage as the definitive therapy

From: Anaerobic coverage as definitive therapy does not affect clinical outcomes in community-onset bacteremic biliary tract infection without anaerobic bacteremia

Variables

Total (N = 87)

Definitive therapy without anaerobic coverage (N = 24)

Definitive therapy with anaerobic coverage (N = 63)

p value

Age (mean)

73.4 ± 13.9

71.5 ± 14.2

74.2 ± 13.9

0.419

Male sex

65(74.7)

18(75)

47 (74.6)

0.970

Underlying disease

 Diabetes mellitus

31(35.6)

8(33.3)

23(36.5)

0.782

 Congestive heart failure

30(34.5)

3(12.5)

17(27.0)

0.151

 Liver cirrhosis

4(4.6)

3(12.5)

1(1.6)

0.062

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

10(11.5)

1(4.2)

9(14.3)

0.186

 Chronic renal failure

68(78.2)

14(58.3)

54(85.7)

0.006

 Malignancy

35(40.2)

9(37.5)

26(41.3)

0.749

Healthcare-associated bacteremia

38(43.7)

8(33.3)

30(47.6)

0.230

Microbiology

E.coli

48(55.2)

16(66.7)

32(51.6)

0.207

K. pneumoniae

20(23.0)

2(8.7)

18(28.6)

0.053

 Othersa

28(32.2)

6(25.0)

22(34.9)

0.38

Biliary abnormalities

 Malignant obstruction

31(35.6)

7(29.3)

24(38.1)

0.437

 Benign stricture

2(2.3)

0(0.0)

2(3.2)

1.000

 Choledocholithiasis

52(59.8)

15(62.5)

37(58.7)

0.749

 Unknown

2(2.3)

2(8.3)

0(0.0)

0.074

Pitt bacteremia score(mean)

1.2 ± 1.5

1.5 ± 1.8

1.1 ± 1.3

0.270

Biliary drainageb

73(83.9)

20(83.3)

53(84.1)

0.928

Appropriate empirical therapy

65(74.7)

18(75.0)

47(74.6)

0.970

Empirical therapy with anaerobic coverage

68(78.2)

12(50)

56(88.9)

< 0.001

Clinical outcome

 Clinical improvement

70(80.5)

20(83.3)

50(79.4)

0.677

 Treatment failure

17(19.5)

4(16.7)

13(20.6)

0.677

 Relapse

13(14.9)

3(12.5)

10(15.9)

0.693

 28-day mortality

4(4.6)

1(4.2)

3(4.8)

1.000

Duration (days) of anaerobic coverage

9.1 ± 6.0

2.2 ± 1.8

11.8 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Total duration (days) of antibiotic use

13.2 ± 5.2

13.1 ± 5.7

13.2 ± 5.0

0.913

  1. aOther pathogens included Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Raoultella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Aeromonas spp.
  2. bDrainage included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage, surgical drainage and indwelling stent