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Table 3 Factors associated with the presence of at least one drug-induced immune-associated escape mutation by fitting a uni-multivariable logistic regression model

From: Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

crude OR [95% CI]

p-value

adjusted OR [95% CI]

p-value

Gender (Female vs. Malea)

0.76 (0.51–1.14)

0.188

0.71 (0.46–1.08)

0.111

Age (per 1 year increase)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.672

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.850

HBV-DNA (per 1 log10 IU/ml increase)

1.06 (0.97–1.15)

0.208

1.04 (0.94–1.15)

0.409

LAM

4.03 (1.97–8.25)

< 0.0001

4.60 (1.87–11.31)

0.001

ADV

0.42 (0.27–0.65)

< 0.0001

0.53 (0.33–0.86)

0.009

ETV

0.99 (0.57–1.73)

0.981

2.02 (0.95–4.29)

0.068

TDF

1.10 (0.52–2.31)

0.805

1.58 (0.67–3.73)

0.294

Geographical origin

 Southa

1

 

1

 

 West

1.01 (0.65–1.58)

0.951

0.75 (0.43–1.32)

0.323

 North

0.58 (0.21–1.58)

0.287

0.49 (0.17–1.41)

0.184

 East

1.79 (1.18–2.71)

0.006

1.22 (0.64–2.33)

0.552

Year of collection

 1997-2002a

1

 

1

 

 2003–2005

0.58 (0.29–1.17)

0.128

0.88 (0.41–1.92)

0.754

 2006–2008

0.61 (0.34–1.08)

0.088

1.09 (0.54–2.19)

0.817

 2009–2012

0.72 (0.41–1.27)

0.259

0.83 (0.36–1.88)

0.650

Genotype (A vs. Da)

2.15 (1.53–3.02)

< 0.0001

2.03 (1.32–3.10)

0.001

  1. a Reference group (dummy)
  2. P-value in italic are statistically significant
  3. Abbreviations: ADV adefovir, CI Confidence interval, ETV entecavir, LAM lamivudine, OR Odd ratio, TDF tenofovir