Skip to main content

Table 3 Predictors of timely OPV3 immunization after multinomial logistic regression

From: Demand-side determinants of timely vaccination of oral polio vaccine in social mobilization network areas of CORE Group polio project in Uttar Pradesh, India

Factors

No OPV1 vs. OPV3®

OPV1/OPV2 vs. OPV3®

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted$

OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

Adjusted$

OR (95% CI)

Maternal age (in years)[a]

 < 20 years

6.80 (1.46, 31.72)*

2.23 (0.17, 28.79)

1.37 (0.32, 5.85)

1.12 (0.29, 4.38)

 20–24 years

1.10 (0.37, 3.24)

0.45 (0.10, 2.09)

0.82 (0.43, 1.58)

0.76 (0.34, 1.70)

 25–29 years

1.26 (0.41, 3.90)

0.58 (0.15, 2.20)

0.97 (0.44, 2.15)

1.04 (0.43, 2.49)

 30–34 years

2.62 (0.98, 7.00)

1.04 (0.26, 4.09)

1.03 (0.56, 1.87)

0.83 (0.41, 1.70)

 > 34 years

1

1

1

1

Education level of mothers (respondents)

 No formal education

3.83 (1.39, 10.59)*

0.51 (0.13, 1.94)

3.04 (1.37, 6.76)*

1.93 (0.78, 4.77)

 Grade (Standard) 1–4

4.93 (1.15, 21.25)*

0.88 (0.15, 4.98)

2.26 (0.49, 10.33)

1.89 (0.44, 8.21)

 Grade (Standard) 5–9

1.68 (0.68, 4.19)

0.71 (0.15, 3.32)

1.61 (0.62, 4.19)

2.00 (0.64, 4.24)

 Grade (Standard) 10 and above

1

1

1

1

Place of income generation of mothers

 Income generation work from home

0.19 (0.06, 0.56)*

0.12 (0.03, 0.57)*

0.33 (0.16, 0.68)**

0.35 (0.12, 0.99)*

 Income generation work from outside home

1.00 (0.29, 3.45)

1.72 (0.31, 9.62)

0.83 (0.32, 2.16)

1.77 (0.47, 6.63)

 No income generation work (stay at home)

1

1

1

1

Education level of fathers

 No formal education

21.04 (5.77, 76.73)**

39.63 (7.26, 216.19)**

2.02 (1.09, 3.76)*

0.80 (0.41, 1.59)

 Grade (Standard) 1–4

7.05 (2.30, 21.62)**

10.04 (2.04, 49.35)*

0.83 (0.46, 1.50)

0.31 (0.16, 0.60)**

 Grade (Standard) 5–9

9.50 (2.36, 38.21)**

17.40 (2.48, 122.03)*

1.13 (0.50, 2.57)

0.65 (0.36, 1.17)

 Grade (Standard) 10 and above

1

1

1

1

Wealth quintile of households

 Lowest

4.65 (1.33, 16.28)*

5.07 (0.89, 28.83)

3.40 (1.13, 10.28)*

1.96 (0.49, 7.80)

 Second

5.30 (1.89, 14.89)**

3.86 (0.78, 19.00)

2.90 (1.10, 7.66)*

1.56 (0.43, 5.66)

 Middle

2.94 (1.15, 7.48)*

2.52 (0.56, 11.29)

1.34 (0.59, 3.03)

1.06 (0.35, 3.22)

 Fourth

4.27 (1.53, 11.94)*

4.69 (1.35, 16.30)*

2.25 (0.82, 6.22)

2.33 (0.83, 6.57)

 Highest

1

1

1

1

Respondents habit of reading news paper

 Do not read

1.57 (0.47, 5.22)

0.30 (0.12, 0.75)*

3.55 (1.50, 8.45)*

2.75 (1.36, 5.58)*

 Read

1

1

1

1

Respondents having a family member, who works in a big metro town (like Delhi)

 No

0.46 (0.23, 0.94)*

0.27 (0.06, 1.18)

1.30 (0.61, 2.81)

1.00 (0.38, 2.65)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents having a mobile phone in the household

 No

1.88 (1.33, 2.66)**

3.35 (1.36, 8.24)*

1.97 (1.35, 2.87)**

1.71 (0.86, 3.41)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents know how to use a mobile phone, use it independently

 No

2.49 (1.36, 4.59)*

0.67 (0.31, 1.44)

2.13 (1.18, 3.85)*

1.06 (0.72, 1.58)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents know how to use mobile for sending messages (SMS)

 No

3.27 (1.03, 10.37)*

1.43 (0.24, 8.36)

4.94 (1.80, 13.51)**

1.65 (0.61, 4.45)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents visited any immunization site (either RI site or polio booth)

 Never visited

8.57 (2.95, 24.87)**

11.30 (3.72, 34.30)**

1.65 (0.69, 3.94)

2.13 (0.90, 5.06)

 Ever visited

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ discussion with local health care providers on the importance of child immunization

 Never discussed

5.08 (2.40, 10.76)**

1.83 (0.45, 7.49)

1.87 (1.00, 3.48)

2.19 (0.82, 5.83)

 Ever discussed

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ information sources on child immunization (getting a child immunized): Community Mobilization Coordinators (CMC)

 No

2.42 (1.16, 5.04)*

4.45 (0.90, 21.98)

1.83 (0.92, 3.64)

3.40 (0.83, 13.99)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ exposure to CGPP India’s IEC materials: CMC Potli

 No

2.79 (1.35, 5.75)*

1.59 (0.39, 6.46)

2.11 (1.05, 4.25)*

1.36 (0.45, 4.13)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ exposure to CGPP India’s IEC materials: Flash card

 No

6.04 (2.83, 12.91)**

2.35 (0.78, 7.02)

2.64 (1.36, 5.12)*

1.81 (0.74, 4.43)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ exposure to CGPP India’s IEC materials: Flipbook (Aao Jane)

 No

3.48 (1.99, 6.08)**

1.28 (0.43, 3.79)

2.11 (1.24, 3.61)*

1.00 (0.53, 1.86)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Respondents perceived core benefits of immunization

 Lower quintile

2.32 (0.74, 7.27)

1.68 (0.58, 4.85)

0.83 (0.30, 2.24)

0.70 (0.29, 1.69)

 Middle quintile

0.95 (0.48, 1.88)

1.29 (0.46, 3.63)

0.47 (0.26, 0.85)*

0.59 (0.30, 1.15)

 Upper quintile

1

1

1

1

Respondents perceived no harm in immunization and have trust in government initiatives

 Lower quintile

0.98 (0.44, 2.20)

0.36 (0.07, 1.83)

1.44 (0.60, 3.48)

0.59 (0.13, 2.59)

 Middle quintile

1.76 (1.08, 2.88)*

0.31 (1.03)

1.67 (1.15, 2.42)*

0.93 (0.57, 1.53)

 Upper quintile

1

1

1

1

Respondents perceived other (non-health) benefits of immunization

 Lower quintile

2.78 (1.74, 4.42)**

3.00 (1.27, 7.12)*

1.35 (0.89, 2.04)

1.53 (0.80, 2.95)

 Middle quintile

0.85 (0.34, 2.17)

0.99 (0.38, 2.59)

1.12 (0.51, 2.46)

1.06 (0.61, 1.86)

 Upper quintile

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ agreement level with - Positive attributes/benefits of child immunization and it is essentials these days

 Strongly disagree/ Disagree

12.66 (1.46, 109.93)*

25.68 (1.10, 599.24)*

5.70 (0.71, 45.80)

9.17 (0.49, 171.82)

 Neither agree nor disagree

2.46 (0.84, 7.19)

2.55 (0.66, 9.80)

2.06 (0.74, 5.76)

2.17 (0.71, 10.34)

 Strongly agree/ Agree

1

1

1

1

Respondents’ agreement level with – Gender selective immunization

 Strongly disagree/ Disagree

1.31 (0.32, 5.38)

3.94 (0.26, 59.61)

3.78 (1.23, 11.64)*

2.24 (0.61, 8.19)

 Neither agree nor disagree

5.75 (0.46, 72.12)

8.34 (0.46, 152.97)

13.71 (1.57, 119.63)*

6.38 (0.58, 70.00)

 Strongly agree/ Agree

1

1

1

1

  1. n = 575; Model explaining 48% of variance (Nagelkerke = 0.481)
  2. ®Reference category: OPV3 (timely immunization of OPV3); * statistically significant at p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Missing data: [a] = 1 (0.2%)
  3. $Adjusted for gender of index children, religion of mothers and other covariates of model