Table 4 Median plasma cytokine concentrations
|  | Units | LDL | HBV/HIV, n = 45 | HBV, n = 44 | HIV, n = 39 | Control, n = 19 | p | p2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β | pg/ml | 0.47 | 1.3 (0.9–2.8) | 2 (1.5–3.1) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 1.7 (1.2–2.8) | 0.001 | 0.0004 |
IL-1ra | pg/ml | 5.33 | 59 (40.4–100.8) | 110.8 (85.1–376.7) | 62.2 (40.4–85.8) | 69.8 (53.7–106.3) | < 0.00001 | < 0.00001 |
IL-2 | pg/ml | 1.52 | 0 (0–5.4) | 8 (0.5–18.4) | 0 (0–7.3) | 0 (0–4.7) | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
IL-4 | pg/ml | 0.24 | 2.2 (1.6–3) | 2.8 (2.1–4.1) | 2.2 (1.6–3.2) | 2.3 (2–2.9) | 0.03 | 0.02 |
IL-5a | pg/ml | 1.00 | 0 (0–7) | 0 (0–15.5) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–4) | n/a | n/a |
IL-6 | pg/ml | 1.68 | 10 (0.8–18.3) | 11.3 (7.2–29.3) | 4.3 (0.5–10.3) | 6.3 (1.5–12.5) | 0.002 | 0.005 |
IL-7 | pg/ml | 0.84 | 9 (3.7–14.6) | 7.4 (2.5–14.8) | 1.2 (0–7.9) | 5.9 (1.2–9) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
IL-8 | pg/ml | 2.44 | 26.8 (19.5–53.3) | 51.9 (22.8–121.8) | 21.7 (13.9–43.6) | 120.1 (35.2–437.2) | < 0.00001 | 0.002 |
IL-9 | pg/ml | 1.19 | 54.7 (44.5–73.8) | 73.1 (55.6–118.5) | 59.5 (45.5–83.7) | 78.2 (57.6–97.1) | 0.01 | 0.02 |
IL-10 | pg/ml | 2.21 | 10.2 (5.8–18.8) | 15.9 (11.3–29.2) | 9.5 (5.6–14.5) | 9.7 (7.7–15.9) | 0.001 | 0.005 |
IL-12 | pg/ml | 2.25 | 50.8 (31.9–63.6) | 47.4 (27.1–87.9) | 35.2 (19.4–59.9) | 44.5 (31.7–65.4) | 0.3 | 0.2 |
IL-13 | pg/ml | 0.40 | 12 (6.2–24.8) | 13.8 (8–29.6) | 9.5 (5.2–13.7) | 6.5 (4.8–10.4) | 0.004 | 0.02 |
IL-15a | pg/ml | 5.73 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | n/a |  |
IL-17 | pg/ml | 5.81 | 44.5 (27.7–84.3) | 81.7 (61.6–133.2) | 67.7 (54.1–111.9) | 78.5 (64.1–110.4) | 0.004 | 0.006 |
EOTAXIN | pg/ml | 1.75 | 107.9 (81.2–172.8) | 129.3 (72.1–171.3) | 115.8 (73.9–160.1) | 142.5 (93.1–261.1) | 0.4 | 0.8 |
Basic-FGF | pg/ml | 3.91 | 43.1 (21.8–66.9) | 65.7 (46.2–92.3) | 44.8 (24.2–61.3) | 50.4 (34.2–65.7) | 0.0006 | 0.0002 |
G-CSF | pg/ml | 3.06 | 51.1 (32.1–66.1) | 59.7 (44.1–98.6) | 41.9 (30.3–58.1) | 37.6 (32.1–66.1) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
GM-CSF | pg/ml | 2.9 | 0 (0–22.2) | 25.5 (0–87.6) | 0 (0–35.7) | 0.6 (0–15.3) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
IFN-γ | pg/ml | 42.9 | 88.7 (57.5–145.3) | 121.2 (80.1–182.0) | 66.7 (48–125.7) | 97.2 (51.1–116.7) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
IP-10 | ng/ml | 4.94 | 1.5 (1.0–2.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 1 (0.8–1.2) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
MCP-1 | pg/ml | 1.24 | 4.7 (0–27.2) | 21.3 (0–54.4) | 0.4 (0–20.5) | 17.3 (0–78.8) | 0.03 | 0.2 |
MIP-1a | pg/ml | 0.15 | 4.4 (1.3–7.7) | 7.3 (4.6–11.4) | 4.7 (2.5–6.3) | 8.2 (5.3–10.3) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
PDGF | ng/ml | 1.00 | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | 3.2 (1.8–3.9) | 2.9 (1.9–3.8) | 3.3 (2.3–4.5) | 0.09 | 0.2 |
MIP-1b | pg/ml | 0.46 | 140.9 (95.5–218.8) | 147.3 (102.7–199.1) | 128.8 (103.8–227.4) | 217 (155.5–264.7) | 0.06 | 0.9 |
RANTES | ng/ml | 3.72 | 19.9 (16.7–26.7) | 19.0 (13.8–23.1) | 19.1 (16.7–22.6) | 22.1 (17.8–24.7) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
TNF-a | pg/ml | 3.77 | 19.5 (15.1–27.4) | 23.5 (18.5–54.5) | 19.5 (15–24) | 18.5 (15.1–26.2) | 0.01 | 0.007 |
VEGF | pg/ml | 2.30 | 88.9 (52.2–147.7) | 117.7 (60–211.5) | 77.8 (45.2–138) | 89.6 (51.5–160.5) | 0.2 | 0.09 |
TGF-β1 | ng/ml |  | 41.7 (34.1–53.6) | 46.4 (38.3–56.8) | 49.7 (42.1–55.7) | 48.2 (42.5–55) | 0.10 | 0.06 |
TGF-β2 | ng/ml |  | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 2.3 (1.8–2.5) | 2 (1.7–2.4) | < 0.00001 | < 0.00001 |
TGF-β3 | ng/ml |  | 1.3(1.2–1.5) | 1.9 (1.4–2.2) | 2.2 (1.5–2.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | < 0.00001 | < 0.00001 |