Table 2 Review of cases report of tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis --- Clinical findings of cases
Author | Onset of symptoms | Clinical manifestation | Amylase/Lipase levels (u/L) | CRP (mg/l) | CT scan | AP severity | Time to symptoms relieved (days) | Time to recovery of enzymes (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glison M | 13 days, abdominal pain | Acute abdominal ‘stab-like’ pain | (−)/1000 | 35 | Pancreatic oedema without any necrotic flows (Balthazar Stage 1). | Mild | 2 | 43 |
Lipshitz J | 14 days, epigastric pain | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain | 806/1406 | NA | Mild inflammatory stranding about the duodenum and minimal fluid in the left retroperitoneum. | Mild | 3 | 5 |
Marshall RS | 3 days, uncontrolled emesis | Nausea, vomiting, fever and loss of appetite | 180/156 | NA | Acute pancreatitis | Mild | 2 | 7 |
Hung WY | 3 days, nausea and vomiting | Persistent and worsening nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain | 926/749 | NA | NA | NA | 3 | 5 |
Prot-Labarthe S | 14 days, abdominal pain | Abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting | (−)/603 | NA | Inflammation involving pancreas and peripancreatic fat without necrosis (Ranson Score 2 and Balthazar stage 2). | Mild | 3 | 5 |
Otero RS | 7 days | Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, distention | 255/424 | NA | Pancreatic enlargement, low density shadow of pancreas tail (grade D on Balthazar score) | Mild | 3 | 12 |
Mascarello M | 12 days | Nausea, vomiting and acute severe upper abdominal pain | 312/382 | 131 | Inflammation of the pancreas and peripancreatic fat, necrosis of 40% of the pancreatic gland, peripancreatic stranding, and fluid collection (Balthazar CT severity index 7). | severe | ≤10 | ≤10 |
Hemphill MT | 10 days | Abdominal pain | NA/732 | NA | Acute pancreatitis | Mild | 6 | 6 |
Hemphill MT | 3 days | Mild nausea, epigastric tenderness | 381/268 | NA | Acute pancreatitis | Mild | 5 | 5 |
Marot JC | 6 days, epigastric pain | Nausea, epigastric pain | 750/936 | NA | An oedematous pancreatitis (grade D on Balthazar score) | Mild | 4 | 18 |
Marot JC | 7 days, abdominal pain on day 8 | Nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite | 552/1660 | NA | Acute pancreatitis, no necrosis visible without contrast injection (grade D on Balthazar score) | Mild | 5 | 4 |
Davido B | 6 days, | Anorexia, vomiting and abdominal discomfort | NA/ 2460 | NA | Typical oedematous infiltrate (Balthazar A). | Mild | 2 | 2 |
Davido B | 20 days | Nausea, abdominal discomfort | NA/ 1340 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 |