Table 3 Clinical features, treatment and outcomes of invasive candidiasis in neonatal episodes versus non-neonatal pediatric episodes
|  | Neonatal episodes (total n = 113) | Non-neonatal pediatric episodes (total n = 229) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical features | |||
 Severe sepsis | 55 (48.7) | 71 (31.0) | 0.002 |
 Septic shock | 39 (34.5) | 50 (21.8) | 0.013 |
 Progressive and deteriorated candidiasisa | 27 (23.9) | 34 (14.8) | 0.050 |
 Disseminated candidiasisb | 5 (4.4) | 9 (3.9) | 0.828 |
Breakthrough invasive candidiasis | 10 (8.8) | 31 (13.5) | 0.288 |
Duration of candidemia and/or persistent invasive fungal infection | |||
 Days, median (interquartile range) | 3.0 (1.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–5.0) | 0.033 |
 ≤2 days | 48 (42.5) | 131 (57.2) |  |
 3–7 days | 46 (40.7) | 59 (25.8) |  |
 ≥8 days | 19 (16.8) | 39 (17.0) |  |
Antifungal regimens for treatment |  |  | <  0.001 |
 Fluconazole/Voriconazole | 34 (30.1) | 97 (42.4) |  |
 Amphotericin B | 50 (44.2) | 47 (20.5) |  |
 Echinocandin | 20 (17.7) | 76 (33.2) |  |
 Combination antifungal treatment | 6 (5.3) | 2 (0.9) |  |
 None | 3 (2.7) | 7 (3.1) |  |
Antifungal treatment within 24Â h | 36 (31.8) | 105 (45.9) | 0.014 |
Duration between onset of invasive candidiasis and initiation of antifungal agents, mean ± SD (days) | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 0.009 |
Total treatment duration (days), mean (range) | 17.5 (2.0–46.0) | 18.9 (1.0–68.0) | 0.113 |
Removal of central venous catheter within 3Â days of onset | 34/108 (31.5) | 73/214 (34.1) | 0.622 |
Treatment outcomes | |||
 Responsiveness after initiation of antifungal treatmentc |  |  | 0.157 |
  Within 72 h | 39 (34.5) | 96 (41.9) |  |
  4–7 days | 17 (15.0) | 47 (20.5) |  |
  More than 7 days | 21 (18.6) | 41 (17.9) |  |
  Treatment failure | 36 (31.0) | 45 (19.7) | 0.015 |
 Modification of antifungal treatment | 44 (38.9) | 107 (46.7) | 0.203 |
 Invasive candidiasis attributable mortality | 32 (28.3) | 40 (17.5) | 0.024 |
 In-hospital all-cause mortality | 41/96 (42.7) | 47/185 (25.4) | 0.004 |