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Table 3 Acute hepatitis B in Poland 2010–2014. Distribution of cases by reported exposure and risk factors

From: Significant proportion of acute hepatitis B in Poland in 2010–2014 attributed to hospital transmission: combining surveillance and public registries data

  

N of cases

%

Total

 

459

100.0

Exposure on hepatitis B risk factors

Any medical procedures

286

62.0

(more than one could be mentioned)

Medical procedures in hospitala

170

37.0

 

Invasive procedures

96

20.9

 

Medical procedures outside hospitalb

114

24.8

 

Tattooing/piercing or beauty treatmentsc

46

10.0

 

Injection drug use

20

4.4

 

HBV infected sexual partner or risky contacts

35

7.6

 

HBV infected household

25

5.4

 

Otherd

12

2.6

 

Unknown/none identified

97

21.1

Migration status

Polish origin

448

97.6

 

immigrant

8

1.7

 

unk

3

0.7

Possible importation

No

425

92.6

 

Yes

15

3.3

 

unk (transmission unknown)

19

4.1

Vaccination status

Fully vaccinated

29

6.3

 

Incompletely vaccinated

27

5.9

 

Not vaccinated

326

71.0

 

Vaccination status unknown

77

16.8

Health care worker

No

456

99.3

 

Yes

3

0.7

  1. aIncludes invasive and minimally invasive surgery, transfusion, dialysis, childbirths, biopsies, endoscopy, injections
  2. bIncludes dental treatments and extraction, procedures in outpatient clinics like injections, endoscopy, biopsy and other minimally invasive procedures
  3. cIncludes acupuncture, tattoo, piercing, botox cosmetic, mesotherapy, shaving
  4. dIncludes mother-to child-infections, occupational exposure, stay in prison, sniffing drugs, street fighting and accidental injuries