Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) case-patients and community controls

Age < 6 months

1.00

Female sex

0.54

Born in the Dominican Republic

1.00

Lives in urban area

1.00

Family owns a home

0.0002

 Home with dirt floor^a

0.73

 Home built of wood^a

0.01

 Has electricity

1.00

 Has indoor bathroom

0.14

 Coal

0.06

 Gas

1.00

 Firewood

0.69

Cooking done in room where others congregate or sleep

0.08

Lives with ≥1 child < 5 years

0.09

Crowding index (> 2 persons/room)

0.01

Breastfed in the last month

0.12

History of ≥1 household member smoking inside in the last month

0.76

Mother completed primary school

0.22

Low birthweight (< 2500 g)

1.00

Born premature (< 36 weeks)

0.88

Low weight-for-age Z score (<−2 SD)

0.003

History of comorbidities

0.71

History of another infection in last 12 months

0.20

History of medical consultation for respiratory infection in last 12 months

0.46

History of cold or cough in the last month

0.001

Up-to-date with PCV^b

0.02

 0

–

 1

0.01

 2

0.25

 3

0.002