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Table 1 Model parameters

From: Public health impact and cost effectiveness of routine childhood vaccination for hepatitis a in Jordan: a dynamic model approach

Parameter

Base Case

Range

Distribution

Reference

Demography

 Population 2014

8,117,564

Fixed

 

[10]

 Age Specific All-cause Mortality

Varies

Fixed

 

[8]

Infection

Force of Infection

 

Fixed

 

[20, 44]

 Scale parameter

0.854327

Fixed

  

  Shape parameter

0.00159689

Fixed

  

  Shape parameter

11.5766

Fixed

  

Duration of Maternal Immunity (mo)

6.5

Fixed

 

[45]

Latency period (d)

14

Fixed

 

[46, 47]

Age-specific mean duration of infectiousness (wk)

 

Fixed

 

[48, 49]

 0–4 y

3.5

   

 5–9 y

3.0

   

 10+ y

2.5

   

Vaccine

Vaccine efficacy, one does only (%)

100

87.3–100

Derived Distribution

[22]

Vaccine efficacy, two doses (%)

100

87.3–100

Derived Distribution

Assumed

Median duration of vaccine-derived immunity, one dose only (y)

21

20.3–21.9

Gamma (2647.1, 0.0079)

Assumed

Median duration of vaccine-derived immunity, two doses (y)

32

30.9–33.4

Gamma (2517.63,0.127)

[23]

Vaccination Strategy

Vaccine uptake, universal strategy, first dose (%)

95%

80–97

Beta (34.37426,1.0007488)

Assumed

Vaccine adherence, probability of second dose given first dose (%)

95%

70–95

Beta (27.15759,2.49654)

Assumed

Clinical Outcomes

 Under reporting factor

11.76

Fixed

 

Estimated

 Probability an infection is icteric

Varies

Fixed

 

[20]

Proportion of icteric infections hospitalized (%)

   

[21]

  ≤ 4 y

0.395

 

Dirichlet(D1)a

 

 5–14 y

1.45

 

Dirichlet(D2)

 

 15–39 y

1.91

 

Dirichlet(D3)

 

 40–59 y

1.57

 

Dirichlet(D4)

 

 60+ y

1.7

 

Dirichlet(D5)

 

Probability of fulminant hepatitis A from an icteric infection (%)

   

[21]

  ≤ 4 y

0.0323

 

Dirichlet(D1)

 

 5–14 y

0.00425

 

Dirichlet(D2)

 

 15–39 y

0.0578

 

Dirichlet(D3)

 

 40–59 y

0.468

 

Dirichlet(D4)

 

 60+ y

0.68

 

Dirichlet(D5)

 

Probability of liver transplant from an icteric infection (%)

   

[21]

  ≤ 4 y

0.00606

 

Dirichlet(D1)

 

 5–14 y

0.000797

 

Dirichlet(D2)

 

 15–39 y

0.0108

 

Dirichlet(D3)

 

 40–59 y

0.0877

 

Dirichlet(D4)

 

 60+ y

0.017

 

Dirichlet(D5)

 

Probability of death from an icteric infection (%)

   

[21]

  ≤ 4 y

0.00468

 

Dirichlet(D1)

 

 5–14 y

0.000616

 

Dirichlet(D2)

 

 15–39 y

0.00838

 

Dirichlet(D3)

 

 40–59 y

0.0678

 

Dirichlet(D4)

 

 60+ y

0.456

 

Dirichlet(D5)

 

Probability of death during first year of liver transplant (%)

11.6

6.0–42.0

Beta (1.14982, 8.76245)

[50]

Probability of death from year 2 and beyond after liver transplant (%)

4.4

2.4–11.0

Beta (3.80137, 82.5935)

[50]

Duration of outpatient icteric infection (d)

34.4

17–40

Gamma (34.37,1.00)

[51]

Duration of inpatient icteric infection (d)

67.8

27–78

Gamma (27.16,2.50)

[51]

Economic Parameters

Cost of one-dose vaccine (2015 $)

10.00

8.00–14.00

Gamma (42.6844, 0.234277,1.1,3)

Estimated

Test Costs

22.55

Fixed

 

[26]

Cost of one-dose administration

1.91

Fixed

 

Estimated

outpatient cost

$15.06

10–25

Gamma (8.71228, 7.77408)

[27]

outpatient visits

3

1–4

Estimated

hospitalization cost

$ 111.5

80–150

Gamma (6.43896, 81.4262)

[26]

hospitalization duration

4.5

3–7

Estimated

fulminant cost

$35,715

32,143–39,278

Gamma (385.022, 92.7609)

[26]

annual cost of patients with liver transplant (1st year)

$70,000

50,000–90,000

Gamma (47.0596, 1487.48)

[26]

annual cost of patients with liver transplant (subsequent years)

43,203

34,563–51,843

Gamma(96.0533, 449.781)

Estimated

Public health cost of a reported infection (2013 $)

0

0–15

Gamma(1.092722,3.660584)

Estimated

work loss, outpatient (d)

15.5

7–18

Gamma(30.51056,0.508021)

[51]

work loss, inpatient (d)

33.2

10–25

Gamma(75.2776,0.4410342)

[51]

work loss, fulminant (d)

33.2

10–25

Gamma(75.2776,0.4410342)

[51]

work loss, year of transplant (d)

   

[25]

 0–17 y

153.2

145–160

Gamma(1602.9, 0.0955766)

 

 18–40 y

245

238–253

Gamma (4099.41, 0.0597646)

 

 41–55 y

271

268–274

Gamma (31,347.9, 0.00864492)

 

 56–62 y

288

284–291

Gamma (26,011.2, 0.0110721)

 

 63+

314

306–321

Gamma (6733.62, 0.0466316)

 

Labor force participation (%)

   

[52]

 16–19 y

3.15

1–28

Beta[1.4452,44.4342]

 

 20–24 y

33.8

31–72

Beta[6.57547,12.8786]

 

 25–34 y

64.0

57–70

Beta[133.435,75.0572]

 

 35–44 y

59.6

51 – 71

Beta[54.5338,36.9658]

 

 45–54 y

47.1

35–59

Beta[30.8364,34.6337]

 

 55–64 y

30.7

0–62

Beta[2.30395,5.20078]

 

 65+

10.0

0–23

Beta[2.51432,22.6289]

 

Median Monthly earnings (2014 $)

   

[53]

  < 25 y

292

137–350

Gamma(13.6337, 21.4175)

 

 25+

365

250–650

Gamma(28.8788, 10.1112)

 

 Discount rate per year, %

3

0–5

 

Assumed

Utilities

Average population norms

   

[31]

 20–29 y

.920

0.913–0.927

Beta(5307.7008, 461.5392)

 

 30–39 y

.905

0.898–0.912

Beta(6099.1932,640.2468)

 

 40–49 y

.874

0.867–0.882

Beta(6572.4195,947.5113)

 

 50–59 y

.848

0.840–0.857

Beta(5810.9376,1041.5832)

 

 60–69 y

.824

0.812–0.836

Beta(3187.1645,680.7536)

 

 70–79 y

.785

0.771–0.798

Beta(2791.9027,764.6613)

 

 80+ y

.744

0.720–0.768

Beta(944.3511,324.9380)

 

Persons with anicteric hepatitis A

.830

0.789–0.867

Beta(291.9525,59.7975)

[21]

Persons with icteric hepatitis A

.642

0.607–0.682

Beta(410.1317,228.3050)

[29]

Persons with liver transplant

.730

0.630–0.840

Beta(49.4052,18.2732)

[30]

  1. Base-case model parameters, estimates, corresponding distributions and ranges for deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and data source references
  2. aParameters for the Dirichlet distributions are as follows: D1 = (97.0207,0.385265,0.00456518,0.031484,0.00590325), D2 = (349.97,5.13289,0.00218903,0.0150967,0.00283064), D3 = (458.787,8.95484,0.0392421,0.270635,0.0507441), D4 = (377.566,6.07215,0.261759,1.80523,0.338481), D5 = (161.413,2.82536,0.757196,1.13014,0.0282536)