From: Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka
Demograhic and other Risk Factors | Smear positive | Smear negative | Total | Chi2 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number / (%) | Number / (%) | ||||
Sex (n = 504) |  | 2.184 | 0.139 | ||
 Male | 123 (44.4) | 154 (55.6) | 277 |  |  |
 Female | 86 (37.9) | 141 (62.1) | 227 |  |  |
Presence of scrub jungle near residence (n = 460) |  | 0.708 | 0.4 | ||
 Yes | 151 (43.3) | 198 (56.7) | 349 |  |  |
 No | 43 (38.7) | 68 (61.3) | 111 |  |  |
Presence of sandflies in environment (n = 473) |  | 4.412 | 0.04 | ||
 Yes | 158 (44.1) | 200 (55.9) | 358 |  |  |
 No | 38 (33) | 77 (67) | 115 |  |  |
Contact history (n = 508) |  | 7.86 | 0.005 | ||
 Yes | 25 (62.5) | 15 (37.5) | 40 |  |  |
 No | 186 (39.7) | 282 (60.3) | 468 |  |  |
Past history of similar cutaneous manifestations (n = 367) |  | 2.262 | 0.133 | ||
 Yes | 6 (25) | 18 (75) | 24 |  |  |
 No | 139 (40.5) | 204 (59.5) | 343 |  |  |
Comorbidities (n = 176) |  | 0.038 | 0.845 | ||
 Yes | 19 (35.8) | 34 (64.2) | 53 |  |  |
 No | 46 (37.4) | 77 (62.6) | 123 |  |  |
Travel abroad within 1 year (n = 448) |  | 0.338 | 0.561 | ||
 Yes | 16 (45.7) | 19 (54.3) | 35 |  |  |
 No | 168 (40.7) | 245 (59.3) | 413 |  |  |