Table 3 Factors associated with anemia in HIV-infected patients on second line ART at two urban HIV clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi

Sex

 Male

1

1

1

 Female

4.1 (2.5–7.0)

<0.001

5.3 (2.9–9.5)

<0.001

Age

 ≤29

1

 30–39

1.4 (0.6–3.2)

0.39

 40–49

0.9 (0.4–1.9)

0.69

 ≥50

0.6 (0.3–1.5)

0.30

Total time on ART (years)

 0–5

1

1

1

 6–10

1.2 (0.7–2.0)

0.60

 11–15

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.02

0.4 (0.2–0.9)

0.02

Second line ART regimen

 contains AZT

1

 does not contain AZT

1.3 (0.7–2.4)

0.36

CD4 cell count

 ≥500

1

1

1

 350–499

0.8 (0.5–1.6)

0.67

 200–349

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

0.47

 <200

2.4 (1.3–4.4)

0.01

3.1(1.6–6.0)

0.001

Viral load

 <=1000

1

 >1000

1.3 (0.6–2.7)

0.49

Body mass index

 <18.5

1.5 (0.7–3.5)

0.33

 18.5–24.9

1

1

1

 25–29.9

1.0 (0.6–1.8)

0.86

 ≥30

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

0.08

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.02

Glomerular filtration rate

 >90

1

 30–89

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

0.15

 <30

9.0 (1–78.4)

0.047