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Fig. 1 | BMC Infectious Diseases

Fig. 1

From: Is weak CD4+ gain in the course of suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection a current clinical challenge? A case report and brief review of the literature

Fig. 1

CD4+ T-cell kinetics and study of the mechanisms underlying poor immune recovery on cART. Persistent low CD4+ T-cell counts (a) and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (b) were registered in the study subject despite the administration of different suppressive cART regimens and immuno-therapy. Compared to a historical cohort of uninfected controls, the patient also displayed lower peripheral blood IL-7 levels (c), decreased IL-7Rα (CD127) expression on CD4 + T-cells (d) and IL-7Rα production in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) (e). In the bone marrow, we observed elevated IL-7 levels (f), increased production of IL-7 (g) and IL-7Rα (h). Lower pSTAT5- (i) and Bcl-2-expressing CD4+ T-cells (j) upon IL-7 stimulation were detected in our subject. Stable CD8+ T-cell activation (k) and impairment of CD4+ T-cell maturation (l-o) were also observed. —— represents the kinetics of CD4+ T-cell counts; −---- represents the kinetics of HIV RNA load (limit of detection: 40 cp/mL). cART: combination antiretrovrial therapy; 3TC: lamivudine; AZT: zidovudine; IDV/r: indinavir/ritonavir; IL-2: interleukin-2; TDF: tenofovir; LPV/r: lopinavir/ritonavir; T-20: enfuvirtide; FTC: emtricitabine; MVC: maraviroc; EVG/cobi: elvitegravir/cobicistat; DVG: dolutegravir; DAAs: direct acting antiretrovirals. IL-7: interleukin-7; IL-7R α: IL-7 receptor α. BBMCs: Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells. US, unstimulated

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