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Table 3 Progression of sample characteristics during follow-up

From: Visceral adipose tissue and carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected patients undergoing cART: a prospective cohort study

 

Total Population

With Lipodystrophy

Without Lipodystrophy

 

Baseline

1 year after

p

Baseline

1 year after

P

Baseline

1 year after

p

Weight

[Kg, mean (sd)]

68.7 (11.9)

67.8 (11.8)

0.474

67.8 (9.6)

65.7 (12.0)

0.360

69.5 (13.5)

69.5 (13.5)

0.977

Height

[m, mean (sd)]

1.65 (0.1)

1.65 (0.1)

1.64 (0.08)

1.64 (0.08)

1.66 (0.09)

1.66 (0.09)

BMI

[(Kg/m2), mean (sd)]

25.2 (4.3)

25.0 (4.9)

0.547

25.2 (3.8)

24.5 (4.7)

0.359

25.2 (4.7)

25.4 (5.1)

0.849

Waist circumference

[cm, mean (sd)]

91.4 (11.5)

90.9 (10.8)

0.654

91.6 (9.9)

89.7 (11.2)

0.402

91.4 (12.8)

92.0 (10.4)

0.804

Hip circumference

[cm, mean (sd)]

94.0 (7.8)

93.2 (6.8)

0.496

91.9(6.4)

92.6 (7.0)

0.561

95.7(8.6)

93.6 (6.7)

0.120

Thigh circumference

[cm, mean (sd)]

48.0 (5.2)

45.3 (4.2)

<0.001

47.2 (5.2)

45.0 (4.14)

0.023

48,7 (5.1)

45.5 (4.4)

<0.001

Arm circumference

[cm, mean (sd)]

27.0 (2.9)

26.1 (2.8)

0.049

27.0 (2.7)

25.9 (2.9)

0.082

27.0 (3.1)

26.5 (2.8)

0.353

Neck circumference

[cm, mean (sd)]

37.7 (3.5)

36.9 (3.5)

0.143

37.6 (3.3)

36.8 (3.9)

0.327

37.8 (3.6)

37.1 (3.2)

0.322

Waist/ hip circumference ratio

[mean (sd)]

0.97 (0.08)

0.97 (0.08)

0.786

1.00 (0.07)

0.97 (0.09)

0.086

0.95 (0.09)

0.98 (0.08)

0.066

Fat mass [%, mean (sd)] DXA

 Total

20.5 (11.4)

21.6 (10.4)

0.554

17.8 (8.0)

19.9 (10.5)

0.264

22.6 (13.1)

22.9 (10.1)

0.941

0.418

 Trunk

23.5 (11.6)

24.8 (10.8)

0.561

22.7 (8.6)

22.7 (11.2)

0.980

24.1 (13.5)

26.5 (10.2)

 

 Leg

16.7 (13.8)

16.2 (11.0)

0.898

9.7 (6.7)

15.0 (10.4)

0.007

22.3 (15.4)

17.2 (11.5)

0.088

 Arm

21.3 (15.2)

23.8 (15.0)

0.267

18.7(13.3)

22.4 (15.8)

0.232

23.4 (16.3)

24.9 (14.4)

0.631

Fat mass

[Kg, mean (sd)] DXA

 Total

14.5 (9.5)

14.7 (8.3)

0.867

12.1 (6.7)

13.1 (7.7)

0.406

16.4 (11.0)

16.0 (8.6)

0.736

 Trunk

8.7 (5.4)

9.0 (5.0)

0.897

8.4 (4.3)

8.0 (4.9)

0.766

9.1 (6.2)

9.8 (5.1)

0.641

 Leg

3.5 (3.0)

3.3 (2.5)

0.810

1.8 (1.3)

2.8 (2.0)

0.008

4.7 (3.4)

3.6 (2.8)

0.047

 Arm

1.7 (1.5)

1.8 (1.3)

0.293

1.4 (1.2)

1.7 (1.3)

0.238

1.9 (1.7)

1.9 (1.3)

0.744

Body Fat Mass by Quantitative CT

Total fat

[cm2, mean (sd)]

266.8 (158.4)

274.5 (146.0)

0.625

259.6 (112.9)

249.6 (160.5)

0.708

272.6 (188.1)

295.3 (130.4)

0.361

VAT

[cm2, mean (sd)]

133.8 (83.2)

136.0 (85.1)

0.670

154.8 (59.7)

126.2 (97.2)

0.049

116.8 (95.4)

144.2 (73.3)

0.024

SAT

[cm2, mean (sd)]

133.0 (110.4)

139.3 (95.7)

0.314

104.9 (85.2)

125.2 (95.8)

0.180

155.8 (123.2)

151.1 (94.8)

0.848

VAT/SAT ratio

[cm2, mean (sd)]

1.8 (1.8)

1.6 (1.8)

0.298

2.4 (1.7)

1.6 (1.6)

0.019

1.3 (1.8)

1.6 (1.9)

0.185

Systolic blood pressure

[mmHg, mean (sd)]

122.9 (18.0)

117.2 (18.1)

0.005

124.0 (16.1)

119.3 (20.9)

0.072

122.0 (19.4)

115.6 (15.5)

0.027

Diastolic blood pressure

[mmHg, mean (sd)]

78.8 (11.6)

71.8 (8.9)

<0.001

79.2 (11.1)

72.2 (8.6)

0.001

78.5 (12.1)

71.6 (9.2)

<0.001

Glucose 0 min

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

112.0 (49.6)

101.2 (25.6)

0.481

119.1 (52.1)

104.6 (28.7)

0.307

106.4 (47.1)

99.4 (22.8)

0.992

Glucose 2 h

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

129.5 (47.4)

137.3 (47.6)

0.445

138.5 (47.7)

137.7 (47.5)

0.819

122.3 (46.3)

136.9 (48.2)

0.451

Insulin 0 min

[μU/mL, mean (sd)]

10.7 (10.4)

13.3 (14.8)

0.166

10.9 (6.5)

12.1 (9.9)

0.419

10.5 (12.8)

14.1 (17.7)

0.227

Insulin 2 h

[μU/mL, mean (sd)]

76.5 (131.5)

71.8 (60)

0.886

105.9 (186.8)

69.9 (60.4)

0.220

53.1 (49.2)

73.3 (59.9)

0.307

HOMA

[mean (sd)]

3.1 (3.2)

3.5 (4.8)

0.552

3.2 (2.5)

3.2 (2.9)

0.857

2.9 (3.6)

3.8 (5.8)

0.369

A1c

[% mean (sd)]

5.8 (1.2)

5.5 (0.8)

0.095

5.9 (1.1)

5.5 (0.9)

0.096

5.6 (1.2)

5.4 (0.7)

0.556

Total cholesterol

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

219.5 (56.8)

204.7 (41.4)

0.012

226 (57.6)

203.8 (41.9)

0.007

213.6 (56.0)

205.4 (41.2)

0.396

LDL-cholesterol

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

118.0 (49.2)

135.7 (31.3)

0.001

123.7 (49.2)

133.9 (28.4)

0.153

113.5 (49.2)

137.2 (33.6)

0.001

HDL-cholesterol

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

43.8 (11.7)

48.6 (13.3)

0.012

43.6 (11.3)

50.6 (14.6)

0.018

43.9 (12.1)

46.9 (12.0)

0.280

Non-HDL cholesterol

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

175.7 (52.3)

156.2 (37.6)

<0.001

183.2 (52.2)

153.2 (37.6)

<0.001

169.8 (52.0)

158.5 (37.6)

0.192

Triglycerides

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

290.8 (189.0)

180.5 (110.5)

<0.001

298.9 (186.9)

165.6 (107.2)

<0.001

284.4 (191.7)

192.3 (112.5)

0.001

Apo A1

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

111 (21)

126.4 (24.0)

<0.001

111.6 (16.6)

130.0 (25.2)

0.001

110.4 (23.9

123.7 (22.8)

0.002

Apo B

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

104.7 (25.3)

101.4 (21.7)

<0.001

104.8 (26.7)

100.0 (21.6)

0.126

104.7 (24.4)

102.4 (22.0)

0.706

Ratio apo B/apo A1

[mean (sd)]

0.97 (0.3)

0.83 (0.3)

<0.001

0.95 (0.3)

0.79 (0.2)

0.001

0.98 (0.3)

0.87 (0.3)

0.02

Lp (a)

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

28.3 (32.0)

36.3 (43.3)

0.289

27.5 (33.5

44.4 (47.8)

0.102

28.9 (30.9)

30.1 (38.7)

0.906

Homocysteine

[μmol/L, mean (sd)]

9.5 (3.8)

11.1 (4.8)

0.005

9.7 (3.5)

12.1 (5.2)

0.008

9.4 (4.1)

10.3 (4.3)

0.179

CRP

[mg/L, mean (sd)]

5.6 (12.8)

5.1 (11.3)

0.147

4.3 (4.7)

6.1 (14.4)

0.857

6.6 (16.6)

4.3 (8.0)

0.038

hsCRP

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

0.6 (1.2)

0.5 (1.2)

0.030

0.34 (0.31)

0.65 (1.6)

0.225

0.83 (1.5)

0.43 (0.8)

0.066

Lactates

[mmol/L, mean (sd)]

1.2 (0.5)

1.4 (0.6)

0.002

1.3 (0.6)

1.4 (0.6)

0.307

1.1 (0.48)

1.4 (0.5)

0.001

NT-ProBNP

[pg/mL, mean (sd)]

36.8 (59.0)

39.0 (63.0)

0.241

31.6 (31.9)

35.9 (33.2)

0.177

41.2 (74.8)

41.3 (79.0)

0.769

Fibrinogen

[mg/dL, mean (sd)]

347.3 (104.4)

332.6 (79,0)

0.611

342.9 (105.9)

333.8 (80.1)

0.841

350.8 (103.8)

331.6 (78.8)

0.370

Microalbumin

[mg/L, mean (sd)]

58.2 (151.4)

36.0 (159.8)

0.527

40.6 (91.3)

20.5 (35.6)

0.551

76.7 (196.6)

47.7 (209.3)

0.852

Uric acid

[mg/L, mean (sd)]

47.7 (14.0)

44.1 (14.6)

0.022

49.8 (12.8)

43.7 (13.0)

0.005

45.9 (14.6)

474.3 (15.8)

0.470

Carotid IMT

[mm, mean (sd)]

0.77 (0.23)

0.87 (0.32)

0.001

0.82 (0.26)

0.92 (0.33)

0.037

0.73 (0.20)

0.84 (0.30)

0.012

Metabolic Syndrome (%)

58 (51.3)

48 (43.2)

0.203

27 (54.0)

19 (38.8)

0.134

31 (49.2)

29 (46.8)

0.851

  1. (L- Lipodystrophy FMR defined; BMI Body mass index, FMR Fat mass ratio, DXA Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT Computed tomography, VAT Visceral adipose tissue, SAT Subcutaneous adipose tissue, HOMA The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL High density cholesterol, LDL Low density cholesterol, Apo A1 Apolipoprotein A1, Apo B Apolipoprotein B, Lp(a) Lipoprotein (a), CPR C protein reactive, hsCRP High sensitivity C protein reactive, NT-ProBNP N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide IMT Intima-media thickness)