Factors contributing to anaemia after uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under five year-old Nigerian children ten years following adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies as first-line antimalarials

Table 4 Predictors of malaria-attributable fall in haematocrit (MAFH) in excess of 4% in <5 year-old children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria following artemisinin-based combination treatments

Variable	Total no.	No. with MAFH >4%	OR (95% CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Female	314	203	1
Male	380	243	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.91	–	–
Age (month)
> 38	354	213	1		1
≤ 38	335	228	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	0.04	2.1 (0.8–1.6)	0.53
Duration of illness (day)
≤ 2	200	120	1
> 2	274	180	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.78	–	–
Enrolment body temperature (°C)
≤ 37.4	264	173	1
> 37.4	429	272	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.63	–	–
History of fever at enrolment
Absent	123	77	1
Present	571	368	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.78	–	–
Fever on day 1
Absent	619	398	1
Present	62	38	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	0.74	–	–
Haematocrit (%)
≥ 30	379	170	1		1
< 30	315	276	8.7 (5.9–12.9)	< 0.0001	9.4 (6.3–14.1)	<0.0001
Parasitaemia (μL⁻¹)
> 50,000	171	91	1		1
≤ 50,000	521	355	1.9 (1.3–2.7)	0.001	1.9 (1.3–2.9	0.002
Parasitaemia on day 1
Absent	380	228	1		1
Present	314	218	1.5 (1.1–2.1)	0.01	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	0.01
Gametocytaemia (D0–7)
Absent	621	390	1		1
Present	73	56	2.0 (1.1–3.4)	0.027	2.0 (1.0–3.7)	0.04
Parasite clearance time (days)
≤ 2	551	357	1
> 2	142	89	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	0.71	–	–
Fever clearance time (days)
≤ 2	416	261	1
> 2	13	11	3.3 (0.7–14.9)	0.19	–	–
Season of enrolment
Dry (November–March)	41	23	1
Wet (April–October)	653	423	1.4 (0.8–2.7)	0.34	–	–
Drug treatment
DHP	231	137	1
AL	229	154	1.4 (1.0–2.1)	0.1	–	–
AA	234	155	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.15

OR odd ratio, AOR adjusted odd ratio, CI confidence interval, MAFH malaria-attributable fall in haematocrit, DHP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, AL artemether-lumefantrine, AA artesunate-amodiaquine. D0–7, day 0–7

ISSN: 1471-2334