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Table 5 Minimum, mean and maximum standard errors of VE estimates under various combinations of source of bias

From: A comparison of the test-negative and the traditional case-control study designs for estimation of influenza vaccine effectiveness under nonrandom vaccination

Design

Scenariob

Test-negative

Tranditional case-control

  

Min

Mean

Max

Min

Mean

Max

Source of biasa

None

1

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

3

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

A

1

0.03

0.05

0.11

0.04

0.05

0.06

 

2

0.03

0.05

0.10

0.04

0.05

0.06

 

3

0.03

0.05

0.11

0.04

0.05

0.07

B1

1

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.06

0.06

0.07

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

3

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

B2

1

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.05

0.05

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.05

 

3

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.05

0.06

0.06

B1,B2

1

0.05

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.04

0.04

0.05

 

3

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.05

0.06

0.07

BS

1

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.04

 

3

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.07

0.06

C

1

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

 

2

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

 

3

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

D

1

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.05

 

2

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.06

 

3

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.06

C,D

1

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

 

2

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.02

0.04

0.06

 

3

0.03

0.05

0.06

0.02

0.04

0.06

B1,B2,C,D

1

0.03

0.04

0.06

0.03

0.04

0.05

 

2

0.03

0.04

0.07

0.02

0.03

0.06

 

3

0.02

0.05

0.08

0.02

0.04

0.09

BS,C,D

1

0.03

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.05

0.04

 

2

0.03

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.06

0.03

 

3

0.03

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.09

0.04

A,B1,B2,C,D

1

0.02

0.04

0.11

0.02

0.04

0.07

 

2

0.02

0.04

0.14

0.01

0.04

0.08

 

3

0.01

0.04

0.15

0.02

0.05

0.12

  1. aSource of bias: A: Vaccination affects the probability of NFARI
  2. B1: Health status affects the probability of NFARI
  3. B2: Health status affects the probability of FARI
  4. BS: Health status affects the probability of FARI and NFARI, and the risk ratios comparing a healthy and a frail person are the same for both types of ARI
  5. C: Vaccination affects the probability of seeking medical care for FARI, while it does not affect the probability of seeking medical care for NFARI
  6. D: Health status affects the probabilities of seeking medical care against FARI and NFARI
  7. bVaccination Scenarios
  8. 1: Random vaccination
  9. 2: Healthy person more likely than frail persons to be vaccinated
  10. 3: Healthy person less likely than frail persons to be vaccinated