Table 2 Seminal HPV prevalence by region, specimen type, and detection method
| Â | General Population | Fertility Clinic Attendees | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of studies | No. of HPV positive | HPV DNA prevalence (%) (95%CIa) | No. of studies | No. of HPV positive | HPV DNA prevalence (%) (95%CIa) | |
Region | ||||||
 Europe | 10 | 149 | 15.2 (8.3-22.1) | 10 | 285 | 17.9 (13.0-22.7) |
 Asia | 2 | 39 | 9.2 (0.3-18.0) | 5 | 157 | 22.0 (11.4-32.5) |
 North America | 3 | 33 | 4.5 (2.9-6.0) | 2 | 23 | 19.3 (0.0-49.8) |
 Africa | 0 | – | – | 1 | 18 | 28.6 (17.4-39.7) |
 Ocean | 0 | – | – | 1 | 5 | 29.4 (7.8-51.1) |
 Latin America | 0 | – | – | 1 | 29 | 38.2 (27.2-49.1) |
Specimen type | ||||||
 Non-centrifuged semen | 9 | 133 | 12.4 (6.7-18.0) | 7 | 205 | 20.8 (13.1-28.5) |
 Centrifuged semen | 6 | 88 | 10.9 (5.4-16.3) | 11 | 278 | 18.0 (12.8-23.3) |
 Unclear | 0 | – | – | 2 | 34 | 36.4 (26.6-46.1) |
Detection method | ||||||
 Consensus primers | 13 | 215 | 11.0 (7.3-14.7) | 14 | 397 | 18.7 (14.2-23.1) |
 Type-specific primers | 2 | 6 | 19.0 (5.2-32.8) | 5 | 78 | 27.4 (8.5-46.2) |
 Others | 0 | – | – | 1 | 42 | 18.6 (13.5-23.7) |