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Table 4 Health-related quality of life of influenza inpatients

From: The impact of influenza on the health related quality of life in China: an EQ-5D survey

 

N

VAS

Health utility

QALD lossa

  

Mean

(SD)

Median

(IQR)

Multiple linear regression

(95%CI) b

Mean

(SD)

Median

(IQR)

Multiple linear regression

(95%CI) b

Mean

(SD)

Median

(IQR)

Multiple linear regression (95%CI) b

Total

249

 

65.94 (20.61)

70.00 (50.00, 80.00)

0.5851 (0.2197)

0.6430 (0.4770,0.7290)

 

3.51 (4.25)

2.17 (1.00,4.45)

 

Age group (years)

        

p = 0.0431

 

 0–4

141

65.76 (20.68)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.5900 (0.2025)

0.6430 (0.5440,0.7350)

Reference

3.51 (3.96)

2.39 (1.12,4.75)

Reference

 5–15

80

67.00 (19.87)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

0.28

(−6.44,5.91)

0.6132 (0.2185)

0.6430 (0.5690,0.7305)

0.0386

(−0.0205,0.0973)

2.75 (3.27)

1.95 (0.62,3.45)

−0.91 (−1.93,0.08)

 16–59

24

63.67 (23.93)

60.00 (50.00,90.00)

−2.07

(−11.72,7.10)

0.4913 (0.2828)

0.5965 (0.2240,0.6645)

−0.0847

(−0.1904,0.0114)

5.16 (6.07)

2.59 (1.46,7.11)

1.49 (−0.69,4.16)

 ≥60c

4

65.00 (17.32)

65.00 (50.00,80.00)

−2.07

(−11.72,7.10)

0.4128 (0.2690)

0.4210 (0.2938,0.5400)

−0.0847

(−0.1904,0.0114)

8.98 (10.79)

4.83 (3.49,10.32)

1.49 (−0.69,4.16)

Gender

 Female

105

63.27 (21.24)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.5633 (0.2380)

0.6430 (0.4280,0.7290)

Reference

3.64 (4.07)

2.60 (1.05,4.45)

Reference

 Male

144

67.9 (19.99)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

5.11

(−0.64,10.66)

0.6010 (0.2046)

0.6430 (0.5380,0.7350)

0.0471

(−0.0110,0.1017)

3.41 (4.38)

2.04 (0.91,4.39)

−0.46 (−1.38,0.58)

Risk status d

  

p = 0.0347

  

p = 0.0022

  

p < 0.001

 

 Low-risk

118

68.91 (20.75)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.6340 (0.1774)

0.6430 (0.5690,0.7350)

Reference

2.18 (2.26)

1.63 (0.87,3.04)

Reference

 High-risk

131

63.27 (20.2)

60.00 (50.00,80.00)

−5.8

(−10.90, −1.00)g

0.5411 (0.2442)

0.6300 (0.4155,0.6490)

−0.0943

(−0.1455, −0.0412)g

4.71 (5.17)

3.25 (1.52,6.46)

2.47

(1.61, 3.62)g

Area

 Urban

166

64.27 (20.89)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.5993 (0.2018)

0.6430 (0.5488,0.7290)

Reference

3.20 (3.40)

2.07 (1.25,4.37)

Reference

 Rural

83

69.3 (19.75)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

5.11

(−0.34,10.57)

0.5566 (0.2505)

0.6430 (0.3840,0.7350)

−0.0390

(−0.1051,0.0197)

4.14 (5.54)

2.60 (0.87,4.86)

0.93

(−0.16,2.24)

Region

 East China

113

66.58 (21.65)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.6066 (0.2101)

0.6430 (0.5200,0.7350)

Reference

3.36 (4.35)

1.98 (0.88,4.21)

Reference

 Central China

78

64.5 (19.46)

65.00 (50.00,80.00)

−2.67

(−9.21,3.46)

0.5917 (0.2194)

0.6430 (0.5690,0.7290)

−0.0211

(−0.0895,0.0422)

3.02 (2.89)

2.25 (1.01,4.35)

−0.27

(−1.51,0.81)

 West China

58

66.64 (20.29)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

−1.27

(−8.85,5.80)

0.5343 (0.2337)

0.5815 (0.3808,0.6430)

−0.0774

(−0.1488, −0.0033)g

4.47 (5.35)

2.64 (1.36,5.44)

1.21

(−0.34,2.87)

Hospital e

 Level 3

172

65.62 (19.88)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.6003 (0.1956)

0.6430 (0.5440,0.7350)

Reference

3.19 (3.53)

2.12 (1.04,4.02)

Reference

 Level 2

58

66.43 (22.89)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

0.69

(−6.22,7.34)

0.5339 (0.2797)

0.6430 (0.3650,0.7290)

−0.0574

(−0.1382,0.0129)

4.59 (5.96)

2.57 (1.25,5.5)

1.33

(−0.10,3.44)

 Level 1 and lower

19

67.37 (20.84)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

0.80

(−11.79,11.42)

0.6032 (0.2065)

0.6430 (0.4955,0.7380)

0.0100

(−0.0941,0.0998)

3.08 (3.58)

1.95 (0.83,4.6)

−0.29

(−1.95,1.76)

Virus type

 Untyped f

183

64.96 (19.94)

70.00 (50.00,80.00)

Reference

0.5770 (0.2220)

0.6430 (0.4770,0.7290)

Reference

3.74 (4.63)

2.17 (1.07,4.86)

Reference

 Influenza A

30

67.83 (22.12)

70.00 (52.50,80.00)

0.63 (−8.18,10.13)

0.6382 (0.2139)

0.6430 (0.5875,0.7350)

0.0575 (−0.0335,0.1317)

2.35 (2.52)

1.52 (0.50,3.25)

−1.45 (−2.94, −0.14)g

 Influenza B

36

69.39 (22.73)

77.50 (56.00,86.25)

3.55 (−4.96,11.79)

0.5821 (0.2119)

0.6430 (0.4648,0.7290)

−0.0301 (−0.1191,0.0390)

3.29 (3.07)

2.71 (1.11,3.98)

0.25 (−0.91,1.42)

  1. a QALD: quality-adjusted life days
  2. b Compared to the reference, absolute increase or decrease of the VAS, health utility and/or QALD loss. And we obtained the bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap percentile confidence interval using the R function “boot.ci”
  3. c 4 patients in the ≥60 age group were grouped into 15–59 years of age group in the multivariable linear regression analysis
  4. d Risk status: high risk patients refer to those with underlying medical conditions including: chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic liver disease, and chronic renal disease, etc. Other patients without these underlying diseases are low risk patients
  5. e Level 3 is the top level, followed by level 2 and level 1 in order
  6. f Untyped: Laboratory tests for influenza virus type identification were not conducted
  7. g p < 0.05: significant differences
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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