First Author | Location | Sample (N) | Data collection | Design | Main Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pechansky | Porto Alegre RS | CTA attendees (1026; 390 aged <25) | 1995; 1997 | Repeated cross-section | HIV prevalence for <25 year olds: 11.5% | [14] |
Alves | Santos, SP | CTA attendees (7794; 2769 aged <25) | 1996-1999 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <25 year olds: 3.1% Recent HIV infection for <25 year olds: 0.3% (based on STARHS algorithm) | [15] |
Bassols | Porto Alegre RS | Adolescent CTA attendees (287) | 2000-2001 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence among boys: 4.8% HIV prevalence among girls: 7.4% | [16] |
de Araújo | Campos dos Goytacazes RJ | CTA attendees (7386; 1129 aged 13-19; 1878 aged 20-24) | 2001-2002 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 13-19 year olds: non-pregnant women: 0%; pregnant women: 0.5%; men: 12.1% HIV prevalence for 20-24 year olds: non-pregnant women: 5.8%; pregnant women: 0.47%; men: 6.4% | [17] |
Bassols | Porto Alegre RS | Female adolescent CTA attendees (258) | 2000-2001 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence: 7.4% Risk factors: Composite drug risk: using illicit drugs & visiting drug using/selling places (aOR: 4.18, 95%CI: 1.47-11.8) | [18] |
Bassols | Porto Alegre RS | Adolescent CTA attendees (402) | Not reported | Cross-section | HIV prevalence: 6.2% Risk factors: SCL-90-R psychiatric score (aOR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.06-3.34); Composite sexual behavior risk (aOR: 1.63, 95%CI: 0.98-2.70) | [19] |
Cook | Rio de Janeiro RJ | Women attending CTA (200; 44 aged 14-19; 97 aged 20-24) | 2001 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 14-19 year olds: 6.8% HIV prevalence for 20-24 year olds: 9.3% | [20] |
Bassichetto | Sao Paulo SP | Attendees of 4 CTAs who tested positive for HIV-1 (485; 14 aged 14-19.9; 82 aged 20-24.9) | 2002-2004 | Cross-section | Risk factors: Recent infection not associated with age: (14-19 years old: 28.6%; 20-24 years old: 24.4%) | [21] |
de Souza | Goias state and Federal District | Attendees of 15 CTAs (16,991; 784 male and 1652 females aged 13-19) | 2003-2004 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for males aged 13-19: 1.1% HIV prevalence for females aged 13-19: 0.2% | [22] |
Monteiro | Feira de Santana, BA | Attendees of the municipal CTA aged 11-18 (3482; 664 male, 1183 non-pregnant female, 1635 pregnant female) | 2003-2012 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for males: 1.08% HIV prevalence for non-pregnant females: 1.05% HIV prevalence for pregnant women: 0.31% | [23] |
de Castro | Rio de Janeiro, RJ | Attendees of 3 CTAs (9008; 2525 aged <25) | 2004-2005 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <25 year olds: 2.6% HIV incidence for <25 year olds: 0.6%/year (based on BED-CEIA test) | [24] |
Scheineder | Santa Catarina state | Attendees of 14 CTAs (22,846; 2416 aged 10-19) | 2005 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for females aged 10-19: 0.9% HIV prevalence for males aged 10-19: 2.1% | [25] |
Cavalcanti | Recife PE | Attendees of 5 CTAs (32,256; 16,161 aged <25) | 2007-2009 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <25 year olds: 0.82% (95%CI: 0.68-0.97%) Recent infection for <25 year olds: 12/27 prevalent cases (based on BED-CEIA test) | [26] |
Pereira | Feira de Santana BA | Attendees of the municipal CTA (3768) | 2007-2011 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for males: 3.0% HIV prevalence for females: 1.6% Risk factors for females: drug use (PrR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.15-3.82); alcohol use (PrR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.16-3.91); married (PrR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.09-3.75) Risk factors for males: use of drugs other than alcohol (PrR: 13.25, 95%CI: 5.12-34.28); MSM (PrR: 5.21, 95%CI: 2.57-10.57) | [27] |
Andrade Neto | Curitiba PR | Blood Donors (213,666; 177 aged <18, 51,670 aged 18-25) | 1992-1999 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <18 year olds: 0.56% HIV prevalence for 18-25 year olds: 0.14% | [28] |
Kupek | Santa Catarina state | Blood Donors (293,725; 95,797 aged 16-24) | 2007-2013 | Cross-section; Cohort | HIV prevalence for 16-24 year olds: 1.22% (95%CI: 1.01-1.46) HIV incidence for 16-24 year olds: 0.28 per 100PY (95%CI: 0.20-0.37) Seroprevalence rose throughout the study period for males but for females it rose only until 2012, then declined. | [29] |
Souza | Recife PE | Pregnant women seeking antenatal care (1000; 0.9% aged <15, 31.6% aged 15-20) | 1993 | Cross-Section | 0 pregnant women aged <21 out of ~325 were HIV+ | [30] |
de Freitas Oliveira | Sao Paulo SP | HIV-positive pregnant women seeking antenatal care (106; 10 aged 15-19, 28 aged 20-24) | 1991-2002 | Cross-section | Recent HIV infection for 15-19 year olds: 10% Recent HIV infection for 20-24 year olds: 17.9% (based on STARHS algorithm) No significant association between age and recent infection status | [31] |
Reiche | Londrina PR | Pregnant women at a teaching hospital (1473; 290 aged 10-20) | 1996-1998 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 10-20 year olds: 1.0% | [32] |
Souza | Campina Grande PB | Pregnant women at prenatal services (386; 127 aged 14-19; 140 aged 20-25) | 2001 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 14-19 year olds: 0.0% HIV prevalence for 20-25 year olds: 0.07% | [33] |
de Macedo Orione | Cuiabá MT | Postpartum women (1607; 575 aged 15-20; 525 aged 21-25) | 2001-2002 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 15-20 year olds: 0.5% HIV prevalence for 21-25 year olds: 0.4% | [34] |
Figueiró-Filho | Campo Grande, MS | Pregnant women at prenatal services (35,512; 9906 aged 11-20) | 2002-2003 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <21 years old: 0.2% No significant association between age and HIV serostatus | [35] |
Cardoso | 27 Southern Brazil cities | Pregnant women attending CTAs (8002; 4630 aged 12-25) | 2003 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 12-25 year olds: 0.5% | [36] |
Costa | Goiania GO | Pregnant women at prenatal services (28,561, 6664 aged 12-19) | 2004-2005 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 12-19 year olds: 0.03% | [37] |
Costa | Feira de Santana BA | Pregnant women aged <25 at prenatal services (3030) | 2004 - 2008 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for ≤16 year olds: 0.3% HIV prevalence for 17-19 year olds: 0.5% HIV prevalence for 20-24 year olds: 0.1% | [38] |
Pinho-Pompeu | Campinas, SP | Pregnant women at prenatal services (458 aged 10-19) | 2005-2013 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 10-19 year olds: 1.97% There was a positive association between anemia and HIV infection (p = 0.02) | [39] |
de Melo Inagaki | Sergipe state | Pregnant women at prenatal services (9550; 24.9% aged 10-19) | 2007 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 10-19 year olds: 0.09% | [40] |
Moura | Maceió, AL | Pregnant women at prenatal services (54,616; 17,231 aged <19) | 2007-2012 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <19 year olds: 0.3% | [41] |
Miranda | National | Women in labor at public hospitals (2071) | 2009 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence: 0.7% Risk factors: Living in the North region (aOR: 2.0 95%CI: 1.07-3.73); STI history (aOR: 42.5, 95%CI: 1.89-168.49) | [42] |
Ferezin | 29 cities in Paraná state | Pregnant women at a teaching hospital (1534; 354 aged 14-19) | 2010 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 14-19 year olds: 0.3% | [43] |
Domingues | National | Pregnant women (23,894; 4570 aged 12-19) | 2011-2012 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 12-19 year olds: 0.14% | [44] |
Pinto | Belo Horizonte MG | Inmates in a youth correctional institute (394; 195 previously street-based, 199 previously home-based) | 1989-1991 | Case-control | HIV prevalence for street-based youth: 2% HIV prevalence for home-based youth: 0% Risk factors: 2 of 3 HIV-positive males reported using injection drugs; all HIV-positive youths reported heterosexual activity | [45] |
Zanetta | Sao Paulo SP | Inmates in a youth correctional institute (1215) | 1994 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for females: 10.3% HIV prevalence for males: 2.6% Risk factors for females: Commercial sex work (OR = 5.98 (95%CI: 1.04-34.30) Risk factors for males: HCV seropositivity [OR = 26.5 (95%CI: 8.83-79.70)]; age > 18 [OR = 3.45 (95%CI: 1.21-9.86)]; PWID [OR = 3.39 (95%CI: 1.10-10.4) | [46] |
Coelho | Ribeirão Preto, SP | Inmates in a correctional institute (333; 96 aged <25) | 2003 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 19-24 year olds: 0.09% | [47] |
Fialho | Salvador BA | Incarcerated youth aged 11-18 (297) | 2004-2005 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence: 0.34% | [48] |
Harrison | Rio de Janeiro, RJ | High-risk HIV- MSM recruited at HIV testing sites and MSM venues (750; 242 aged <25) | 1995-1997 | Cohort | HIV incidence for <20 year olds: 8.4 (95%CI: 1.7-15) per 100PY HIV incidence for 20-24 year olds: 3.9 (95%CI: 1.7-6.1) per 100PY Age < 25 was associated with HIV seroconversion (aRR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.3-5.6) | [49] |
Szwarcwald | National | Military conscripts (1997: 9844; 1998: 30,318; 1999: 29,373; 2000: 23,659; 2002: 30,970) | 1997-2002 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence (2002): 0.09% Risk factors: positive syphilis test OR = 5.72 (95%CI: 1.32-24.9), MSM OR = 4.06 (95%CI: 1.29-12.8), At least 1 STI related problem OR = 2.76 (95%CI: 1.18-6.45), More than 10 lifetime sexual partners OR = 2.33 (95%CI: 1.05-5.18), Resident of Southern Brazil OR = 2.77 (95%CI: 1.10-6.99) | [50] |
Soares | Campinas SP | MSM (658; 167 aged 14-19, 190 aged 20-24) | 2005-2006 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 14-19 year olds: 2.9% HIV prevalence for 20-24 year olds: 5.9% | [51] |
Szwarcwald | National | Military conscript personnel aged 17-21 (35,432, of whom ~800 report being MSM) | 2007 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence overall: 0.1% HIV prevalence for MSM: 1.2% Risk factors: being MSM OR = 11.16 (95%CI: 4.90-25.39); having at least one STI-related problem OR = 2.53 (95%CI: 1.20-5.36); >10 lifetime partners OR = 2.52 (95%CI: 1.21-5.25) | [52] |
Guimarães | Belo Horizonte, MG | MSM (272; 113 aged <24) | 2010 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <24 year olds: 2.8% | [53] |
de Souza | São Paulo, SP | MSM (771; number aged <25 not reported) | 2011-2012 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 18-24 year olds: 6.4% (95%CI: 3.5-11.5%) | [54] |
Trevisol | Imbituba SC | Female sex workers (90; 44 aged <26) | 2003-2004 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <26 year olds: 6.8% | [55] |
Schuelter-Trevisol | Santa Catarina state | Sex workers (147; 57 aged 18-24) | 2009 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 18-24 year olds: 5.3% | [56] |
Costa | Porto Alegre, RS | Male to Female transsexuals (284; 128 aged 15-26) | 1998-2014 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for 18-26 year olds: 14.8% | [57] |
Freitas-Carvalho | Rio Branco, AC | Attendees of immunization campaign (390; 118 aged 12-21) | 1999 | Cross-section | HIV prevalence: 0% | [58] |
Codes | Salvador, BA | Women attending a public family planning clinic (202; 70 aged <22; 77 aged 22-25) | Not reported | Cross-section | HIV prevalence for <21 year olds: 0% HIV prevalence for 22-25 year olds: 4% | [59] |
Szwarcwald | Recife, PE and Curitiba, PR | General population (902 in Recife; 1013 in Curitiba) | 2013 | Cross-section | HIV incidence for 13-24 year olds in Curitiba, PR: 0.060%/year (18.8% of all HIV-positive) HIV incidence for 13-24 year olds in Recife, PE: 0.059% (19.4% of all HIV-positive) | [60] |
Silveira | Pelotas RS | HIV-positive women (144; 11 aged 15-19, 39 aged 20-24); AIDS-diagnosed women (130; 7 aged 15-19, 13 aged 20-24); door-to-door interviewed controls (1537; 151 aged 15-19, 240 aged 20-24) | 1999-2000 (controls); 2003-2004 (cases) | Case-control | Risk factors: Odds of being HIV-positive were higher for 15-19 year olds (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.4-6.6) and for 20-24 year olds (OR: 6.2, 95%CI: 1.4-11.4) than for those aged ≥40 | [61] |