|
Age (years)
|
71 (61–76)
|
73 (62–79)
|
71 (61–76)
|
0.199
|
|
Male
|
68 (64.8%)
|
15 (62.5%)
|
53 (65.4%)
|
0.792
|
|
Female
|
37 (35.2%)
|
9 (37.5)
|
28 (34.6%)
|
0.792
|
|
Time interval between dialysis and pneumonia (months)
|
30 (11–69)
|
21 (10–74)
|
34 (12–69)
|
0.541
|
|
Etiology of dialysisa
| | | | |
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
60 (57.1%)
|
14 (58.3%)
|
46 (56.7%)
|
0.344
|
|
Hypertension
|
57 (54.2%)
|
11 (45.8%)
|
46 (56.7%)
|
0.893
|
|
Glomerulonephropathy
|
6 (5.7%)
|
1 (4.1%)
|
5 (6.1%)
|
1.000
|
|
Idiopathic
|
7 (6.6%)
|
2 (8.3%)
|
5 (6.1%)
|
0.658
|
|
Others
|
13 (12.3%)
|
1 (4.1%)
|
12 (14.8%)
|
0.289
|
|
Tube feeding
|
9 (8.5%)
|
5 (20.8%)
|
4 (4.9%)
|
0.028
|
|
HCAP criteria other than HDAP
| |
17 (70.8%)
|
27 (33.3%)
|
0.001
|
|
Recent hospitalization
|
42 (40.0%)
|
16 (66.6%)
|
26 (32.0%)
|
0.002
|
|
NHAP
|
10 (9.5%)
|
5 (20.8%)
|
5 (6.1%)
|
0.047
|
|
Recent intravenous therapy
|
10 (9.5%)
|
3 (12.5%)
|
7 (8.6%)
|
0.692
|
|
Clinical parameters
| | | | |
|
Severe pneumonia
|
37 (35.2%)
|
13 (54.1%)
|
24 (29.6%)
|
0.027
|
|
Confusion
|
15 (14.2%)
|
6 (25.0%)
|
9 (11.1%)
|
0.103
|
|
Respiratory failure
|
47 (44.7%)
|
14 (58.3%)
|
33 (40.7%)
|
0.128
|
|
Sepsis or septic shock at onset
|
15 (14.2%)
|
7 (29.1%)
|
8 (9.8%)
|
0.040
|
|
ICU admission
|
22 (20.9%)
|
10 (41.6%)
|
12 (14.8%)
|
0.005
|
|
Need for ventilator
|
6 (5.7%)
|
3 (12.5%)
|
3 (3.7%)
|
0.131
|
|
Radiological findings
| | | | |
|
Multi-lobar involvement
|
73 (69.5%)
|
20 (83.3%)
|
53 (65.4%)
|
0.094
|
|
Pleural effusion
|
33 (31.4%)
|
6 (25.0%)
|
27 (33.3%)
|
0.440
|
|
Laboratory findings
| | | | |
|
WBC (/mm3)
|
11,200 (7400–15,015)
|
13,210 (8200–18,600)
|
10,680 (7150–14,960)
|
0.104
|
|
CRP (mg/dl)
|
8.5 (3.7–15.1)
|
9.4 (4.8–16.0)
|
7.1 (3.7–14.7)
|
0.364
|
|
Procalcitonin, n = 62, (mg/dl)
|
1.1 (0.4–5.9)
|
1.7 (0.5–6.8)
|
0.9 (0.3–5.6)
|
0.571
|
|
Indices for disease severity
| | | | |
|
CURB-65 score
|
2 (1–2)
|
2 (1–3)
|
2 (1–2)
|
0.095
|
|
CURB-65 score ≥ 3
|
19 (18.0%)
|
7 (29.1%)
|
12 (14.8%)
|
0.133
|
|
PSI score
|
123 (105–145)
|
148 (120–181)
|
118 (99–139)
|
0.001
|
|
PSI class IV or V
|
91 (86.6%)
|
23 (95.8%)
|
68 (83.9%)
|
0.181
|
|
Initial antibiotic therapy
| | | | |
|
as CAP
|
47 (44.7%)
|
4 (16.6%)
|
43 (53.0%)
|
0.002
|
|
as HAP
|
58 (55.2%)
|
20 (83.3%)
|
38 (46.9%)
|
0.002
|
|
Use of Anti-MRSA agents
|
7 (6.6%)
|
4 (16.6%)
|
3 (3.7%)
|
0.046
|
|
Clinical outcomes
| | | | |
|
Use of inappropriate antibiotics
|
21 (20.0%)
|
15 (62.5%)
|
6 (7.4%)
|
<0.001
|
|
Change of initial antibiotics
|
40 (38.0%)
|
13 (54.1%)
|
27 (33.3%)
|
0.065
|
|
Failure of initial antibiotics therapy
|
29 (27.6%)
|
11 (45.8%)
|
18 (22.2%)
|
0.254
|
|
Duration of antibiotic therapy (days)
|
12 (10–15)
|
12 (9–22)
|
12 (10–15)
|
0.401
|
|
Length of hospital stay (days)
|
11 (7–17)
|
14 (9–25)
|
11 (7–16)
|
0.093
|
|
Pneumonia-related mortality rate
|
8 (7.6%)
|
6 (25.0%)
|
2 (2.4%)
|
0.002
|
|
Hospital mortality rate
|
11 (10.4%)
|
6 (25.0%)
|
5 (6.1%)
|
0.016
|
