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Table 2 Aetiology based on standard diagnostic tests grouped by age and study site. N = 1564

From: Acute undifferentiated fever in India: a multicentre study of aetiology and diagnostic accuracy

Diagnose

Total N = 1564

5–14 years N = 199

15–59 years N = 1069

>60 years N = 154

Oddanchatram N = 330

Ambur N = 316

Tezpur N = 336

Mungeli N = 62

Anantapur N = 160

Ratnagiri N = 251

Raxaul N = 109

Malaria PCR

 Positive

268 (17)

26 (13)

201 (19)

23 (15)

19 (6)

44 (14)

49 (15)

13 (21)

28 (18)

85 (34)

30 (28)

 Negative

1144 (73)

151 (76)

773 (72)

126 (82)

299 (91)

230 (73)

244 (73)

39 (63)

96 (60)

160 (64)

76 (70)

Malaria microscopy + PCR

 Positive

66 (4)

4 (2)

57 (5)

4 (3)

3 (1)

7 (2)

14 (4)

2 (3)

9 (6)

29 (12)

2 (2)

 Negative

1102 (70)

123 (62)

667 (62)

101 (66)

315 (95)

110 (35)

262 (78)

5 (8)

104 (65)

208 (83)

98 (90)

Bacteraemia

 Positive

124 (8)

13 (7)

102 (10)

4 (3)

31 (9)

9 (3)

36 (11)

0

14 (9)

13 (5)

21 (20)

 Negativea

1037 (66)

136 (68)

691 (65)

108 (70)

297 (90)

300 (95)

12 (3)

5 (8)

98 (61)

214 (85)

80 (73)

Dengue

 Positiveb

244 (16)

3 (2)

39 (4)

1 (1)

25 (8)

59 (19)

19 (6)

3 (5)

54 (34)

76 (30)

8 (7)

 Negativec

1243 (79)

121 (61)

694 (65)

97 (63)

305 (92)

252 (78)

292 (87)

30 (48)

95 (59)

170 (68)

99 (91)

Scrub typhus

 Positived

159 (10)

26 (13)

113 (11)

15 (10)

7 (2)

35 (11)

75 (22)

1 (2)

5 (3)

20 (8)

16 (15)

 Negativee

1281 (82)

155 (80)

879 (86)

130 (86)

307 (93)

267 (84)

220 (65)

32 (52)

147 (92)

217 (86)

91 (83)

Leptospirosis

 Positivef

116 (7)

6 (3)

95 (9)

13 (8)

6 (2)

14 (4)

49 (15)

2 (3)

14 (9)

26 (10)

5 (5)

 Negativeg

1303 (83)

167 (84)

865 (81)

121 (79)

314 (95)

292 (92)

232 (69)

29 (47)

132 (83)

209 (83)

95 (87)

Chikungunya

 Positive

98 (6)

17 (9)

71 (7)

8 (5)

33 (10)

15 (5)

4 (1)

0

29 (18)

13 (5)

4 (4)

 Negative

1389 (89)

170 (85)

955 (89)

142 (92)

284 (86)

296 (94)

308 (92)

34 (55)

124 (76)

238 (95)

105 (96)

  1. Data are given as number and percentages among total of patients with case definitions filled, including those with more than one case definition. Discrepancies between positive plus negative results and total number are due to missing values or inconclusive/discrepant test results
  2. aIncluding contaminants (N = 40). bPositive MAC ELISA and/or RDT. cNegative MAC ELISA and/or RDT. dPositive IFA on ELISA positives. eELISA negatives and positive ELISA/IFA negatives. fPositive MAT on ELISA positives. gELISA negatives and ELISA positive/MAT negatives