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Table 2 Rates of treatment change, and crude and adjusted hazard ratios

From: Five-year trends in treatment changes in an adult cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in Ghana: a retrospective cohort study

Variable

Enrollees (%)

Treatment changes (%)

Follow-up/months

Rates/ 1000

cHazard Ratio*

95% CI

p-value

aHazard Ratio#

95% CI

p-value

YEAR

N = 3933

N = 960

        

 2008

836 (21.3)

234 (24.4)

30,937.9

7.56

 2009

810 (20.6)

240 (25.0)

21,883.7

10.97

1.46

1.21 to 1.75

<0.0001

1.54

1.27 to 1.88

<0.0001

 2010

804 (20.4)

280 (29.2)

15,640.9

17.90

2.75

2.27 to 3.33

<0.0001

4.15

3.34 to 5.14

<0.0001

 2011

753 (19.1)

171 (17.8)

9137.9

18.73

2.99

2.39 to 3.73

<0.0001

11.55

8.70 to 15.35

<0.0001

 2012

730 (18.6)

35 (3.6)

3736.3

9.37

1.33

0.91 to 1.94

0.139

1.43

0.89 to 2.33

0.153

HAART TYPE

 AZT/3TC/EFV

1468 (37.3)

117 (12.2)

33,335.5

3.51

 AZT/3TC/NVP

898 (22.8)

90 (9.4)

23,238.4

3.87

1.10

0.83 to 1.44

0.510

1.14

0.85 to 1.53

0.381

 d4T/3TC/EFV

718 (18.3)

461 (48.0)

12,751.1

36.15

10.80

8.80 to 13.35

<0.0001

12.05

9.58 to 15.16

<0.0001

 d4T/3TC/NVP

399 (10.1)

270 (28.1)

7705.4

35.04

10.42

8.38 to 12.96

<0.0001

12.03

9.27 to 15.61

<0.0001

 TDF/3TC/EFV

314 (8.0)

5 (0.5)

2528.6

1.98

0.59

0.24 to 1.45

0.252

0.22

0.09 to 0.56

0.0013

 TDF/3TC/NVP

71 (1.8)

3 (0.3)

637.5

4.71

1.43

0.45 to 4.50

0.542

0.58

0.18 to 1.85

0.358

 OTHERS

65 (1.7)

14 (1.5)

1130.3

12.39

3.69

2.19 to 6.42

<0.0001

2.99

1.71 to 5.23

0.0001

GENDER

 Male

1373 (34.9)

282 (29.4)

28,625.7

9.85

 Female

2560 (65.1)

678 (70.6)

52,701.0

12.87

1.31

1.14 to 1.50

0.0002

1.19

1.01 to 1.39

0.031

AGE GROUP

  < 25

199 (5.1)

44 (4.6)

3573.7

12.31

 25–34

1112 (28.3)

277 (28.8)

24,080.0

11.50

0.95

0.69 to 1.31

0.755

1.01

0.73 to 1.40

0.939

 35–44

1251 (31.8)

307 (32.0)

25,904.0

11.85

0.97

0.71 to 1.33

0.864

1.03

0.75 to 1.42

0.871

 45–54

709 (18.0)

169 (17.6)

14,081.4

12.00

0.99

0.71 to 1.37

0.945

1.09

0.78 to 1.54

0.605

 55–64

192 (4.8)

44 (4.6)

3633.0

12.11

0.99

0.65 to 1.51

0.968

0.93

0.60 to 1.42

0.721

  ≥ 65

470 (12.0)

119 (12.4)

10,054.6

11.84

0.98

0.69 to 1.38

0.903

0.94

0.66 to 1.33

0.706

WHO Stage

 I

402 (10.2)

37 (3.9)

5840.4

6.34

 II

662 (16.8)

68 (7.1)

14,568.5

4.67

0.76

0.51 to 1.14

0.189

0.87

0.71 to 1.36

0.294

 II

1042 (26.5)

187 (19.4)

15,465.5

12.09

1.93

1.36 to 2.74

0.0003

2.33

1.44 to 3.02

0.007

 IV

491 (12.5)

115 (12.0)

7901.6

14.55

2.31

1.60 to 3.35

<0.0001

2.73

1.49 to 4.02

<0.0001

 Missing

1336 (34.0)

553 (57.6)

37,550.7

14.73

2.38

1.71 to 3.33

<0.0001

2.83

1.82 to 3.88

<0.0001

  1. *crude hazard ratios; #adjusted hazard ratios for all other variables