Table 1 Differential diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [1]
Infectious | |
|---|---|
Viral | Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Measles, Human Herpes Virus-8, H1N1 Influenza Virus, Parechovirus, HIV |
Bacterial | Brucella spp., Gram negative bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, |
Fungal | Candida, Cryptococcus, Pneumocystis, Histoplasma, Aspergillus |
Parasitic | Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, Strongyloides |
Inflammatory | Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Kawasaki’s disease systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatologic diseases |
Neoplastic | T-cell/NK-cell lymphomas, anaplastic large cell lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, various solid tumours (prostate, lung, hepatocellular carcinoma) |
Immunodeficiencies | Inherited or acquired immunodeficiency |