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Table 4 Median resistance with interquartile range of selected Gram positive bacteria to all tested antibioticsa

From: Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review

Antibiotics

CoNS (N Isolates)

Median (IQR)

Group A Streptococcus (N Isolates)

Median (IQR)

S. aureus (N Isolates)

Median (IQR)

S. pneumoniae (N Isolates)

Median (IQR)

Amikacin

NC

NC

(472)

3 (0–8)

NC

Amoxicillin

NC

(96)

14.3 (0–100)

(1090)

78.6 (62.5–91.7)

(229)

22.5 (20–32.5)

Ampicillin

(522)

78.9 (41.3–97)

(108)

7.9 (0–41)

(2355)

85.7 (78.4–93.8)

(436)

20 (6.5–37.8)

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid

(228)

31.8 (5–50.7)

NC

(2413)

23.5 (11.4–40.2)

(331)

17.4 (3.4–70)

Cefotaxime

(142)

51.2 (28.7–79.3)

NC

(403)

28.1 (2.7–39.5)

(156)

3.6 (0–12.8)

Cefoxitin

NC

NC

(1717)

10.4 (4.6–33.8)

NC

Ceftazidime

NC

NC

(1141)

50 (25.8–54.2)

NC

Ceftriaxone

(366)

43.9 (9.9–65.6)

(155)

0 (0–16.2)

(2206)

38 (11–47)

(690)

2.2 (0–8.8)

Cefuroxime

(58)

60 (48–68.6)

NC

(686)

49.2 (32.5–62.6)

(267)

6.6 (0.6–19.8)

Chloramphenicol

(445)

51.2 (37.4–77.3)

(144)

26 (4.6–62.5)

(2413)

24.1 (1.3–54.3)

(776)

20.7 (0.9–24.9)

Ciprofloxacin

(568)

42.9 (22.9–54.5)

(90)

18.9 (10.7–100)

(2678)

21.1 (8.5–33.7)

(452)

13.5 (4.1–70.1)

Clindamycin

NC

(113)

0 (0–7.5)

(1400)

11.7 (0–47.4)

(185)

6.1 (0–13.2)

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim

(496)

66.7 (59.3–85.3)

(163)

33.9 (0–64.7)

(3948)

66.1 (42.8–84.3)

(976)

90.4 (71.4–98.6)

Doxycycline

NC

NC

(777)

55.5 (40–79.9)

NC

Erythromycin

(476)

48 (38.5–76)

(197)

10.4 (3.8–55.2)

(3796)

33.9 (13–46.4)

(785)

11.5 (2.7–21.5)

Gentamicin

(748)

26.5 (22.2–42.1)

(83)

24.3 (0–40.8)

(4422)

18.7 (1.5–32.1)

(322)

24.5 (15.4–88.5)

Imipenem

NC

NC

(126)

8 (1.9–28.9)

NC

Levofloxacin

NC

NC

(1148)

5.9 (0.4–16.1)

NC

Nalidixic Acid

NC

NC

(292)

73.2 (67.5–82)

NC

Nitrofurantoin

(89)

14.7 (0–72.2)

NC

(294)

21.8 (4.5–38.2)

NC

Norfloxacin

NC

(37)

24.3 (0–0)

(1165)

30 (4.8–33)

NC

Ofloxacin

NC

NC

(1214)

26.4 (6.4–45.1)

NC

Oxacillin

(467)

48 (24.5–67.7)

(29)

0 (0–75)

(2665)

34.5 (12.6–68.2)

(270)

40.7 (0–55.7)

Penicillin

(275)

67.4 (31.6–98)

(70)

0 (0–16.2)

(1991)

90.4 (80.8–96.4)

(1125)

26.7 (8.4–33.6)

Tetracycline

(603)

56.6 (41.4–77.2)

(37)

25 (0–63.5)

(3297)

44.8 (27.7–58.7)

(703)

34.4 (18.8–65.4)

Vancomycin

(384)

1.6 (0–34.6)

NC

(2079)

2.8 (0–10.2)

(274)

0 (0–10.2)

  1. Antibiotics routinely available and recommended as first or second line antibiotics according to IMNCI and IMAI empiric guidelines are highlighted in bold [8, 9]
  2. NA Not Applicable: Bacterium is naturally resistant to agent
  3. NC Not Calculated: MR and IQR not calculated because of a small number of studies for the specific combination
  4. aThe four most frequently isolated Gram positive bacteria were included in this table
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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