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Table 3 Characteristics of risky alcohol users

From: Predictors of delayed care seeking for tuberculosis in southern India: an observational study

 

Risky alcohol usea

 

Characteristic

 

No n(%)

Yes n(%)

OR (95% CI)

p-value†

Age

≤ 45 years

171 (58.0%)

95 (46.6%)

Reference

 

> 45 years

124 (42.0%)

109 (53.4%)

1.58 (1.10, 2.27)

0.012

Sex

Female

115 (38.7%)

1 (0.5%)

Reference

 

Male

182 (61.3%)

203 (99.5%)

128.21 (17.73, 926.92)

<0.001

BMI

Underweight (BMI < 18.5)

107 (36.3%)

61 (30.3%)

Reference

 

Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 25)

19 (6.4%)

3 (1.5%)

0.28 (0.08, 0.97)

0.045

Overweight (BMI > 25)

169 (57.3%)

137 (68.2%)

1.42 (0.97, 2.09)

0.074

Employment

Unemployed

52 (17.6%)

12 (5.9%)

Reference

 

Employed

208 (70.3%)

192 (94.1%)

4.00 (2.07, 7.72)

<0.001

Student

36 (12.2%)

0 (0.0%)

--b

--

Household Income per month

> 10,000 rupees

50 (17.5%)

15 (7.5%)

Reference

 

5001–10,000 rupees

103 (36.1%)

69 (34.3%)

2.23 (1.16, 4.29)

0.016

3000–5000 rupees

107 (37.5%)

73 (36.3%)

2.27 (1.19, 4.35)

0.013

< 3000 rupees

25 (8.8%)

44 (21.9%)

5.87 (2.75, 12.51)

<0.001

Household Size

< 4 people

145 (49.0%)

86 (42.2%)

Reference

 

≥ 4 people

151 (51.0%)

118 (57.8%)

1.32 (0.92, 1.89)

0.13

Location of First Carec

Private

196 (66.4%)

108 (53.2%)

Reference

 

Government

99 (33.6%)

95 (46.8%)

1.74 (1.21, 2.51)

0.003

Marital Status

Not married

128 (43.1%)

31 (15.2%)

Reference

 

Married/Living together

169 (56.9%)

173 (84.8%)

4.23 (2.71, 6.60)

<0.0001

Casted

Other backward caste

217 (74.6%)

139 (69.8%)

Reference

 

Scheduled caste

74 (25.4%)

60 (30.2%)

1.27 (0.85, 1.89)

0.25

Municipality

Puducherry

224 (75.4%)

142 (69.6%)

Reference

 

Tamil Nadu

73 (24.6%)

62 (30.4%)

1.34 (0.90, 2.00)

0.15

Religion

Hinduism

258 (87.2%)

189 (92.6%)

Reference

 

Other

38 (12.8%)

15 (7.4%)

0.54 (0.29, 1.01)

0.053

Smoking Status

Never

205 (69.0%)

52 (25.5%)

Reference

 

Yes (former/current)

92 (31.0%)

152 (74.5%)

6.51 (4.37, 9.71)

<0.001

Mother’s Education

Some

86 (29.8%)

24 (12.4%)

Reference

 

None

203 (70.2%)

169 (87.6%)

2.98 (1.82, 4.90)

<0.001

Years of School

> 7 years

175 (58.9%)

71 (35.3%)

Reference

 

≤ 7 years

122 (41.1%)

130 (64.7%)

2.63 (1.81, 3.80)

<0.001

Knowledge that TB is transmitted by cough

Yes

250 (84.2%)

132 (64.7%)

Reference

 

No

47 (15.8%)

72 (35.3%)

2.90 (1.90, 4.43)

<0.001

Knowledge that TB is curable

Yes

286 (96.3%)

183 (89.7%)

Reference

 

No

11 (3.7%)

21 (10.3%)

2.98 (1.41, 6.33)

0.004

  1. † p-value calculated using logistic regression
  2. aRisky alcohol use was assessed using the AUDIT-C score, which incorporates information based on habitual frequency and volume of alcohol use as well as binge drinking tendencies
  3. bOR cannot be calculated because there are no student risky alcohol users
  4. cPrivate facilities include pharmacies, private allopathic clinics, medical college hospitals, and non-allopathic clinics. Government facilities included government hospitals, PHCs, and municipal corporation hospitals
  5. dScheduled castes and tribes are among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. These groups have been designated by the Government of India to receive special programming and legislation to promote empowerment and development