Table 2 Case-control study vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisations, emergency department attendances for RVGE or AGE (partial is for 1 dose of RV1 or RV5 if reported)
Study | Country | Vaccine | Age in months (m) and / or days (d) | Control group | Cases vaccinated (N/Total) | Controls vaccinated (N/Total) | Vaccine effectiveness (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Partial | Full | Partial | Full | Partial | Full | |||||
Hospitalisations for RVGE | ||||||||||
Braeckman et al. 2012 [32] | Belgium | RV1 | <36 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 81/179* | 70/160 | 208/228 | 179/198 | 91 (82-95) | 90 (81-95) |
3-11 | 36/77* | 30/66 | 99/104 | 79/84 | 93 (80-97) | 91 (75-97) | ||||
12-31 | 45/102* | 40/94 | 109/124 | 100/114 | 89 (75-95) | 90 (76-96) | ||||
Carvalho-Costa et al. 2009 [25] | Brazil | RV1 | <60 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 4/14 | NR | 35/60 | NR | 71 (-15-93) |
Castilla et al. 2012 [31] | Spain | RV1 & RV5 | 3-59 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 9/262 | NR | 80/518 | NR | 83 (65-93) |
<24 | NR | 8/215 | NR | 69/371 | NR | 82 (60-93) | ||||
24-59 | NR | 1/43 | NR | 11/99 | NR | 89 (17-99.8) | ||||
Correia et al. 2010 [35] | Brazil | RV1 | 6-11 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 77 (42-91) |
Cortese et al. 2011 [36] | USA | RV5 | >7 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 20/140 | NR | 163/280 | NR | 92 (86-96) |
>7 | Communitya | NR | 17/221 | NR | 672/1953 | NR | 90 (84-94) | |||
Cortese et al. 2013 [37] | USA | RV1 | >7 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 2/30 | NR | 101/140 | NR | 98 (90-100) |
>7 | Communitya | NR | 2/28 | NR | 206/440 | NR | 94 (71-99) | |||
Cotes-Cantillo et al. 2014 [29] | Colombia | RV1 | <60 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 6/84 | NR | 670/711 | NR | -2 (-182 to 63) |
6-11 | NR | 12/15 | NR | 628/655 | NR | 84 (23-97) | ||||
≥12 | NR | 64/67 | NR | 628/655R | NR | -80 (-559 to 51) | ||||
de Palma et al. 2010 [38] | El Salvador | RV1 | <25 | Community | 72/171 | 152/251 | 199/352 | 617/770 | 51 (26-67) | 76 (64-84) |
6-11 | NR | 49/63 | NR | 205/222 | NR | 83 (68-91) | ||||
12-24 | NR | 79/108 | NR | 284/335 | NR | 59 (27-77) | ||||
Desai et al. 2010 [39] | USA | RV1 & RV5 | 2-35 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 5/42* | NR | 24/80 | NR | 94 (55-99) | NR |
Community | 5/42* | NR | 21/73 | NR | 96 (59-99.8) | NR | ||||
Guh et al. 2011 [40] | USA | RV5 | <36 | Community | 2/54 | 0/54 | 34/270 | 25/270 | 84 (25-96) | 92 (48-100) |
Ichihara et al. 2014 [41] | Brazil | RV1 | 4-24 | Hospital – RV (-) and non-vaccine preventable | 33/215 | 115/215 | 279/1961 | 1481/1961 | 60(37-75) | 72(44-85) |
Justino et al. 2011 [33]* | Brazil | RV1 | 3-11 | Hospital - non AGE or vaccine preventable | NR/120 | NR/77 | NR/120 | NR/77 | 61 (28-78) | 56 (12-78) |
12-35 | NR/324 | NR/235 | NR/324 | NR/235 | 35 (4-56) | 32 (-4 to 46) | ||||
3-35 | NR/444 | NR/312 | NR/444 | NR/312 | 44 (23-60) | 40 (14-58) | ||||
3-11 | Community no AGE symptoms | NR/91 | NR/64 | NR/91 | NR/64 | 89 (63-97) | 96 (68-99) | |||
12-35 | NR/240 | NR/185 | NR/240 | NR/185 | 48 (17-68) | 65 (37-81) | ||||
3-35 | NR/331 | NR/249 | NR/331 | NR/249 | 62 (42-75) | 76 (58-86) | ||||
Muhsen et al. 2010 [42]* | Israel | RV1 & RV5 | <28 (approx.) | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 2/111 | NR | 36/216 | NR | 89 (52-98) | NR |
Martinon-Torres et al. 2011 [24] | Spain | RV1 & RV5 | <24 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 2/75 | 1/74 | 22/186 | 130/294 | 80 (11-95) | 98 (87-99.8) |
Patel et al. 2009 [26] | Nicaragua | RV5 | <24 | Community | 31/80 | 143/192 | 116/213 | 442/539 | 52 (14-73) | 43 (9-64) |
Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 31/80 | 143/192 | 106/181 | 350/425 | 60 (24-78) | 49 (17-68) | ||||
Community and Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 31/80 | 143/192 | 222/394 | 792/964 | 55 (22-74) | 44 (15-63) | ||||
Patel et al. 2013 [43]) | Bolivia | RV1 | 6-11 | Hospital - RV (-) non AGE | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 77 (51-89) |
12-35 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 76 (59-86) | ||||
<36 | 100/192 | 208/300 | 226/343 | 857/974 | 56 (32-72) | 77 (65-84) | ||||
6-11 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 64 (34-80) | |||
12-35 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 72 (52-86) | ||||
<36 | 100/192 | 208/300 | 131/208 | 510/587 | 36 (0-59) | 69 (54-79) | ||||
Patel et al. 2012 [27] | Nicaragua | RV5 | 6-44 | Hospital - RV (-) Non AGE or vaccine preventable and Community | NR | 773/849 | NR | 3914/4062 | NR | 70 (59-78) |
6-11 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 73 (54-84) | ||||
12-44 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 68 (51-79) | ||||
6-44 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR | 773/849 | NR | 3097/3247 | NR | 45 (25-59) | |||
6-11 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 64 (43-78) | ||||
12-44 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 30 (-5 – 53) | ||||
Payne et al. 2013 [28] | USA | RV1 | <60 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | NR/22 | NR | NR/34 | NR | 32 (-156-82) | NR |
RV5 | NR/130 | NR | NR/372 | NR | 86 (74-91) | NR | ||||
Snelling et al. 2009 [44] | Australia | RV1 | <60 | Community | 10/21 | 3/21 | 58/83 | 32/83 | 57 (<0-83) | 85 (23-97) |
Staat et al. 2011 [34] | USA | RV5 | 1-37 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 1/38 | 3/40 | 12/44 | 17/49 | 89 (16-99) | 95 (48-99) |
1-37 | Hospital - RV (-) ARI | 1/60 | 29/102 | 5/64 | 40/113 | 94 (55-99) | 82 (50-93) | |||
Hospital admissions for AGE | ||||||||||
Snelling et al. 2009 [44] | Australia | RV1 | <60 | Community | 21/42 | 11/42 | 120/166 | 72/166 | 67 (29-84) | 78 (40-92) |
ED attendances for RVGE | ||||||||||
Cotes-Cantillo et al. 2014 [29] | Colombia | RV1 | <60 | ED - RV (-) AGE | NR | 143/156 | NR | 670/711 | NR | 16 (79-61) |
6-11 | NR | 27/31 | NR | 27/655 | NR | 79 (24-94) | ||||
≥12 | NR | 112/119 | NR | 628/655 | NR | -40 (-271 to 47) | ||||
Cortese et al. 2011 [36] | USA | RV5 | >7 | Hospital- RV (-) AGE | NR | 8/41 | NR | 163/280 | NR | 81 (53-92) |
>7 | Community | NR | 6/62 | NR | 138/567 | NR | 84 (58-94) | |||
Cortese et al. 2013 [37] | USA | RV1 | >7 | Hospital- RV (-) AGE | NR | 20/65 | NR | 101/140 | NR | 86 (67-94) |
>7 | Community | NR | 17/61 | NR | 438/862 | NR | 65 (35-81) | |||
Payne et al. 2013 [28] | USA | RV1 | <60 | ED- RV (-) AGE | 38 | NR | 121 | NR | 78 (46-91) | NR |
RV5 | <60 | ED- RV (-) AGE | 229 | NR | 1439 | NR | 81 (70-84) | NR | ||
Staat et al. 2011 [34] | USA | RV5 | 15 d-47m | ED- RV (-) AGE | 5/56 | 8/59 | 12/66 | 22/76 | 75 (-64 -96) | 74 (16-92) |
15 d-47m | ED - ARI | 7/76 | 8/77 | 16/101 | 54/139 | 45 (-80 -83) | 88 (64-96) | |||
Hospitalisations and ED attendances for RVGE | ||||||||||
Cortese et al. 2011 [36] | USA | RV5 | >7 | Hospital RV (-) AGE | 10/163 | 23/283 | 20/137 | 141/341 | 69 (27-87) | 89 (81-94) |
8-11 | NR | 4/24 | NR | 63/92 | NR | 93 (75-99) | ||||
12-23 | NR | 21/102 | NR | 86/147 | NR | 89 (77-94) | ||||
>23 | NR | 3/55 | NR | 14/41 | NR | 91 (62-99) | ||||
56d-5m | 11/69 | NA | 97/248 | NA | 71 (40-87) | NA | ||||
56d-5m | Communitya | 11/69 | NA | 184/633 | NA | 62 (20-82) | NA | |||
>7 | NR | 23/283 | NR | 850/2520 | NR | 89 (83-93) | ||||
8-11 | NR | 3/109 | NR | 194/1009 | NR | 94 (78-99) | ||||
12-23 | NR | 17/116 | NR | 517/988 | NR | 88 (80-93) | ||||
>23 | NR | 3/58 | NR | 139/523 | NR | 87 (56-96) | ||||
Cortese et al. 2013 [37] | USA | RV1 | >7 | Hospital RV (-) AGE | NR | 22/95 | NR | 101/140 | NR | 91 (80-95) |
8-11 | NR | 5/14 | NR | 45/61 | NR | 85 (35-97) | ||||
12-23 | NR | 14/66 | NR | 46/68 | NR | 91 (75-96) | ||||
>7 | Communitya | NR | 19/89 | NR | 644/1302 | NR | 76 (58-86) | |||
8-11 | NR | 4/14 | NR | 114/196 | NR | 70 (24-91) | ||||
12-23 | NR | 13/65 | NR | 462/967 | NR | 76 (53-87) | ||||
Donauer et al. 2013 [45] | USA | RV5 | <36 | Community | 8/76 | 2/76 | 165/743 | 329/743 | 77 (14-94) | 92(60-99) |
Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 8/76 | 2/76 | 47/179 | 15/179 | 68 (-18 to 91) | 92(21-99) | ||||
Hospital - RV (-) ARI | 8/76 | 2/76 | 71/288 | 27/288 | 58 (-38 to 87) | 92(33-99) | ||||
Mast et al. 2011 [16] | Nicaragua | RV5 | Overall | Community | NR | 241/300 | NR | 812/851 | NR | 87(74-93) |
<12 | NR | 62/84 | NR | 219/225 | NR | 93(62-99) | ||||
≥ 12 | NR | 179/216 | NR | 593/626 | NR | 85(69-93) | ||||
Overall | Hospital – RV(-) AGE | NR | 241/300 | NR | 711/792 | NR | 64(44-78) | |||
<12 | NR | 62/84 | NR | 215/233 | NR | 78(49-91) | ||||
≥ 12 | NR | 179/216 | NR | 496/559 | NR | 55(22-74) | ||||
Overall | Combined | NR | 241/300 | NR | 1523/1643 | NR | 76(63-84) | |||
<12 | NR | 62/84 | NR | 434/458 | NR | 85(66-93) | ||||
≥ 12 | NR | 179/216 | NR | 1089/1185 | NR | 71(51-82) | ||||
Payne et al. 2013 [28] | USA | RV1 | <60 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 46 | 56 | 83 | 140 | 57 (-45-87) | 70 (39-86) |
<60 (2011 season only) | 53 | NR | 96 | - | 64 (23-83) | NR | ||||
12-23 | 7 | NR | 54 | - | 56 (-59-100) | NR | ||||
24-35 | 46 | NR | 79 | NR | 86 (60-95) | NR | ||||
RV5 | <60 | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 233 | 537 | 307 | 1445 | 70 (50-82) | 84 (78-88) | ||
<60 (2010 season only) | 111 | NR | 924 | NR | 82 (69-89) | NR | ||||
<60 (2011 season only) | 248 | NR | 887 | NR | 84 (77-89) | NR | ||||
12-23 | 34 | NR | 402 | NR | 85 (63-94) | NR | ||||
24-35 | 121 | NR | 681 | NR | 89 (82-93) | NR | ||||
36-47 | 91 | NR | 414 | NR | 83 (69-90) | NR | ||||
Staat et al. 2011 [34] | USA | RV5 | 15d -37m | Hospital - RV (-) AGE | 9/136 | 16/143 | 40/191 | 87/238 | 74 (37-90) | 87 (71-94) |
1-11 | 6/65 | 3/62 | 30/109 | 19/98 | 63 (7-87) | 86 (31-97) | ||||
12-23 | 3/38 | 8/43 | 6/45 | 48/87 | 81 (22-97) | 90 (65-97) | ||||
15d -37m | Hospital - RV (-) ARI | 10/159 | 17/166 | 79/391 | 195/507 | 73% (43-88) | 85 (72-91) | |||
1-11 | 6/76 | 3/73 | 60/230 | 43/213 | 74 (31-90) | 84 (41-96) | ||||
12-23 | 4/41 | 9/46 | 15/87 | 104/176 | 70 (16-92) | 87 (68-95) | ||||
Any episode of RVGE | ||||||||||
Bellido-Blasco et al. 2012 [22] | Spain | RV1 & RV5 | <36 | RV (-) AGE | 2/71 | NR | 57/261 | NR | 88 (46–99.7) | NR |
Castilla et al. 2012 [31] | Spain | RV1 & RV5 | 3-59 | RV (-) AGE | 45/756* | 34/756 | 1094/6036* | 849/6036 | 78 (70-84) | 78 (68-85) |
3-11 | NR | 12/309 | NR | 248/1365 | NR | 78 (58-88) | ||||
12-23 | NR | 16/318 | NR | 481/2678 | NR | 82 (69-89) | ||||
24-59 | NR | 6/118 | NR | 120/1748 | NR | 61 (0-84) | ||||
Martinon-Torres et al. 2011 [24] | Spain | RV1 & RV5 | <24 | RV (-) AGE | 3/143 | 8/148 | 22/186 | 130/294 | 84(46-95) | 93 (85-97) |