Age (years) | 20–64 N = 40,261 | 65–79 N = 26,897 | 80 and above N = 13,923 |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 26,377 (65.5%) | 19,935 (74.1%)* | 9855 (70.8%)*,† |
Pre-DOTS era (2004–2005) | 14,694 (36.5%) | 10,030 (37.3%)* | 4189 (30.1%)*,† |
DOTS era (2006–2009) | 25,567 (63.5%) | 16,867 (62.7%)* | 9734 (69.9%)*,† |
Comorbidities | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 9148 (22.7%) | 9606 (35.7%)* | 4248 (30.5%)*,† |
COPD | 950 (2.4%) | 3114 (11.6%)* | 2568 (18.4%)*,† |
Malignancy | 2242 (5.6%) | 3239 (12.0%)* | 1583 (11.4%)*,† |
ESRD | 786 (2.0%) | 882 (3.3%)* | 241 (1.7%)† |
Autoimmune disease | 435 (1.1%) | 306 (1.1%) | 78 (0.6%)*,† |
Liver cirrhosis | 316 (0.8%) | 99 (0.4%)* | 35 (0.3%)* |
Pneumoconiosis | 12 (0.0%) | 44 (0.2%)* | 10 (0.1%)*,† |
AIDS | 404 (1.0%) | 36 (0.1%)* | 9 (0.1%)* |
Transplantation | 100 (0.25%) | 24 (0.06%)* | 0*,† |
Low income status | 1657 (4.1%) | 838 (3.1%)* | 373 (2.7%)*,† |
Diagnostic procedures during the last 2 months before anti-TB treatment | |||
Bronchoscopy | 3857 (9.6%) | 3010 (11.2%)* | 1136 (8.2%)*,† |
CT scan | 13,504 (33.5%) | 11,255 (41.8%)* | 5828 (41.9%)* |
CT-guided biopsy | 702 (1.7%) | 546 (2.0%)* | 156 (1.1%)*,† |
Healthcare system factors of initial visits | |||
Hospital accreditation level | * | *,† | |
Medical centers | 5525 (13.7%) | 3985 (14.8%) | 2256 (16.2%) |
Regional hospitals | 14,657 (36.4%) | 10,392 (38.6%) | 6545 (47.0%) |
Local hospitals or clinics | 20,079 (49.9%) | 12,520 (46.5%) | 5122 (36.8%) |
In urban area | 30,862 (76.7%) | 18,583 (69.1%)* | 10,199 (73.3%)*,† |
Pulmonologists or infection specialists | 7170 (17.8%) | 4255 (15.8%)* | 2677 (19.2%)*,† |
Baseline TB severity | |||
Extrapulmonary involvement | 4317 (10.7%) | 2531 (9.4%)* | 846 (6.3%)*,† |
Second-line anti-TB drugs ≥14 days | 5695 (14.1%) | 5245 (19.5%)* | 2951 (21.2%)*,† |
Within 14 days of commencing anti-TB treatment | |||
Hospitalisation | 17,946 (44.6%) | 15,038 (55.9%)* | 9288 (66.7%)*,† |
Admission to intensive care units | 2337 (5.8%) | 3353 (12.5%)* | 2826 (20.3%)*,† |
Invasive ventilatory support | 1886 (4.7%) | 3065 (11.4%)* | 2797 (20.1%)*,† |
Non-invasive ventilatory support | 290 (0.7%) | 533 (2.0%)* | 478 (3.4%)*,† |
Duration of anti-TB treatment (day) | 212 (185–281) | 204 (181–277)* | 189 (127–260)*,† |
Treated with isoniazid | 188 (152–259) | 184 (86–246)* | 159 (41–209)*,† |
Treated with rifamycin | 191 (171–259) | 185 (141–243)* | 167 (50–210)*,† |
Treated with ethambutol | 176 (144–240) | 169 (75–214)* | 138 (39–189)*,† |
Treated with pyrazinamide | 63 (49–87) | 58 (28–81)* | 49 (7–70)*,† |
Intensive phase (first 2 months) | |||
Treated with isoniazid (day) | 60 (53–60) | 59 (42–60)* | 53 (19–60)*,† |
Treated with rifamycin (day) | 58 (50–60) | 54 (42–60)* | 49 (26–58)*,† |
Treated with ethambutol (day) | 57 (51–58) | 54 (38–58)* | 49 (21–57)*,† |
Treated with pyrazinamide (day) | 54 (41–60) | 47 (19–57)* | 36 (3–53)*,† |
Anti-TB treatment outcome at one year | |||
Completed | 31,756 (78.9%) | 18,377 (68.3%)* | 7623 (54.8%)*,† |
Died | 2602 (6.5%) | 4978 (18.5%)* | 4831 (34.7%)*,† |
Died within 2 months | 1145 (2.8%) | 1926 (7.2%)* | 1944 (14.0%)*,† |