Microbiota-dependent metabolite and cardiovascular disease marker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with monocyte activation but not platelet function in untreated HIV infection

Table 2 Univariate linear regression with TMAO as the dependent variable

	Untreated (n = 49)		ART Treated (n = 49)
	Standardized β coefficients	P	Standardized β coefficients	P
Clinical characteristics:
Age (years)	0.180	0.21	0.290	0.04
Gender, male	0.137	0.34	0.110	0.94
Current smoker,	0.129	0.39	−0.182	0.24
Current CD4+ T cell count (cells/μl)	0.035	0.81	0.084	0.57
Nadir CD4+ T cell count (cells/μl)	−0.081	0.58	0.087	0.55
HIV-RNA (10³ copies/ml)	−0.010	0.94	NA	NA
HIV duration	0.078	0.59	0.070	0.64
Class of ART
NRTI containing (n = 44)	NA	NA	0.043	0.78
NNRTI containing (n = 22)	NA	NA	0.135	0.38
PI containing (n = 23)	NA	NA	0.145	0.34
II containing (n = 4)	NA	NA	−0.024	0.87
Abacavir containing (n = 16)	NA	NA	−0.126	0.41
Standard coagulation
D-dimer	0.051	0.74	0.209	0.16
Fibrinogen	0.091	0.55	0.183	0.24
APTT	0.117	0.43	0.171	0.27
Coagulation factors 2–7-10	0.043	0.77	0.032	0.83
Platelet aggregation (Multiplate):
ADP test (Units)	−0.074	0.62	−0.177	0.23
ASPI test (Units)	−0.156	0.29	−0.243	0.10
COL test (Units)	−0.080	0.59	−0.211	0.15
TRAP test (Units)	−0.119	0.42	−0.220	0.13
Hypocoagulable in ≥2/4 tests	0.007	0.97	0.147	0.32
Hypercoagulable in ≥2/4 tests	−0.172	0.24	NA	NA
Markers of Microbial translocation and inflammation:
sCD14 (ρg/ml)	0.454	0.001	−0.157	0.28
LPS (ρg/ml)	−0.019	0.90	0.047	0.75
hsCRP	−0.016	0.92	0.028	0.37

Univariate linear regression with trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as the dependent variable. Standardized regression coefficients and P values are given. Standard coagulation, and platelet impedance aggregometry are given as continuous variables and classified as hypo- and hypercoagulable according to normal range
APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, ART anti-retroviral therapy, ASPI arachidonic acid, COL collagen, FEU fibrinogen equivalent units, II integrase Inhibitor, n number, NA not applicable, NRTI nucleotide/nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor, NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor, PI protease Inhibitor, sCD14 soluble CD14, TRAP thrombin-receptor activating peptide
Significant associations are marked in bold

ISSN: 1471-2334