Table 2 Risk factors for lower limb cellulitis in the Regional Hospital Bamenda, Cameroon, September 2015 to August 2016
Risk factors | No. (%) cases (n = 61) | No. (%) controls (n = 122) | OR (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social factors | ||||||
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 40 (33.6) | 79 (66.4) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.524 | ||
Single | 21 (32.8) | 43 (67.2) | ||||
Occupation | ||||||
Unemployed | 33 (38.8) | 52 (61.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.142 | ||
Employed | 28 (28.6) | 70 (71.4) | ||||
General factors | ||||||
Obesity | ||||||
Yes | 27 (56.3) | 21 (43.7) | 3.0 (1.5–6.0) | 0.002 | 4.7 (1.5–14.7) | 0.009 |
No | 34 (30.1) | 79 (69.9) | ||||
History of diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 13 (52.0) | 12 (48.0) | 2.5 (1.1–5.8) | 0.033 | 0.9 (0.2–3.8) | 0.846 |
No | 48 (30.4) | 110 (69.6) | ||||
History of cellulitis | ||||||
Yes | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | 2.1 (0.4–10.5) | 0.379 | ||
No | 58 (32.8) | 119 (67.2) | ||||
History of hypertension | ||||||
Yes | 21 (44.7) | 26 (55.3) | 1.9 (1.0–3.8) | 0.056 | 1.3 (0.4–3.7) | 0.687 |
No | 40 (29.4) | 96 (70.6) | ||||
History of HIV | ||||||
Yes | 6 (21.4) | 22 (78.6) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.170 | ||
No | 53 (34.6) | 100 (65.4) | ||||
Duration of HIV (years) | ||||||
≥ 4 | 4 (23.5) | 13 (76.5) | 1.1 (0.2–7.4) | 0.940 | ||
< 4 | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | ||||
CD4+ count (cells/mm3) | ||||||
< 200 | 1 (8.3) | 11 (91.7) | 0.2 (0.0–1.7) | 0.099 | ||
≥ 200 | 5 (35.7) | 9 (64.3) | ||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Yes | 25 (52.1) | 23 (47.9) | 3.0 (1.5–5.9) | 0.001 | 2.4 (0.7–7.9) | 0.152 |
No | 36 (26.7) | 99 (73.3) | ||||
Alcohol misuseb | ||||||
Yes | 16 (94.1) | 1 (5.9) | 11.3 (1.3–98.3) | <0.001 | - | - |
No | 9 (31.0) | 20 (69.0) | ||||
History of smoking | ||||||
Yes | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 1.9 (0.7–5.1) | 0.170 | ||
No | 52 (31.7) | 112 (68.3) | ||||
Current smoker | ||||||
Yes | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.9 (0.2–3.5) | 0.847 | ||
No | 56 (32.9) | 114 (67.1) | ||||
Local factors | ||||||
History of disruption of skin barriera | ||||||
Yes | 33 (68.8) | 15 (31.2) | 8.4 (4.0–17.6) | <0.001 | 12.4 (3.9–39.1) | <0.001 |
No | 28 (20.7) | 107 (79.3) | ||||
History of surgery to the lower limb | ||||||
Yes | 9 (81.8) | 2 (18.2) | 10.4 (2.2–49.7) | <0.001 | 4.6 (0.4–51.8) | 0.212 |
No | 52 (30.2) | 120 (69.8) | ||||
Presence of toe-web intertrigo | ||||||
Yes | 37 (88.1) | 5 (11.9) | 34.5 (12.3–97.0) | <0.001 | 51.4 (11.7–225.6) | <0.001 |
No | 24 (17.6) | 112 (82.4) | ||||