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Table 1 Description of model parameters and their associated values (ranges)

From: Assessing the effect of patient screening and isolation on curtailing Clostridium difficile infection in hospital settings

Parameter

Description

Value (range)

Source

R 0

basic reproduction number

1.07 (0.55–1.99)

2.6 (1–7)

[14]

[34]

r

hospital admission rate

0.17 day−1

assumed to be the same as discharge rate

δ

fraction of admitted patients with CDI symptoms

1.2 × 10−4

Calculated based on the rate of 6.9 per 10,000 patient-days estimated over 82 periods of 4 weeks [20]

θ

fraction of admitted patients without CDI symptoms who are screened

0.925 (0–1)

[20]

b s

fraction of screened admitted patients who are susceptible

0.952 (0–1)

[20]

η

fraction of screened patients who are colonized and develop immune responses

0.6 (0.45–0.75)

[14, 15]

α

fraction of screened admitted patients who are susceptible and receive antibiotic treatment

0.22 (0.15–0.29)

[14]

σ

fraction of in-hospital patients who are screened following exposure to CDI

0.9 (0–1)

assumed, varied in sensitivity analysis

f

fraction of colonized patients who develop immune responses

0.6 (0.45–0.75)

[14, 15]

ε

rate of developing CDI symptoms in colonized patients

0.2 (0.14–0.26) day−1

[14, 15]

τ +

recovery rate of damaged gut flora

0.011 day−1

[37]

τ

rate of antibiotic treatment damaging gut flora

0.11 day−1

[36]

q

fraction of CDI patients who are successfully treated

0.8 (0.56–1)

[14, 15]

μ

discharge rate of hospital patients without symptomatic infection

0.17 day−1

[14, 15]

μ I

CDI-caused death rate

0.0012 (0.001–0.01) day−1

[14, 15]

ρ

rate of symptoms resolution for CDI patients under treatment

0.25 (0.143–0.33) day−1

[35]

γ

recovery rate of CDI patients under treatment after symptoms resolution

0.2 (0.143–0.33) day−1

[14, 15]

κ

relative transmissibility of colonized patients without symptoms

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

assumed, varied in sensitivity analysis

ν

reduction of transmissibility due to immune responses

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

assumed, varied in sensitivity analysis

ξ

effectiveness of isolation for CDI patients

0.8, 0.9, 1 (0.8–1)

assumed, varied in sensitivity analysis

Ψ

reduced risk of CDI in patients without antibiotic exposure

0.2 (0.06–0.55)

[24]

π

time-interval between sample collection and release of laboratory results

1 (1–3) days

[28, 31, 32]