From: Tryptophan catabolism and immune activation in primary and chronic HIV infection
 |  | Primary HIV infection N = 14 | Early presenters N = 24 | Late presenters N = 19 | Healthy Controls N = 16 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% Cells | CD8Â +Â CD38Â +Â HLA-DR+ | |||||
Baseline | 44.7 (20.3)a,b,d | 22.0 (13.4)b,c,f | 25.6 (21.3)a,c,e | 1.3 (0.8)d,e,f | <.001 | |
 After 6 months of cART | 6.4 (5.6)d | 8.1 (5.5)f | 6.5 (5.3)e | NA | <.001 | |
 After 12 months of cART | 8.9 (8.1)d | 4.0 (1.9)f | 4.7 (2.8)e | NA | <.001 | |
 CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ | ||||||
Baseline | 5.5 (4.08)a,d | 3.5 (3.0)c,f | 15.5 (15.4)a,c,e | 0.8 (0.6)d,e,f | <.001 | |
 After 6 months of cART | 1.6 (1.4)d | 1.6 (1.3)f | 3.3 (3.4)e | NA | <.001 | |
 After 12 months of cART | 1.6 (0.7)d | 1.1 (0.3) | 2.4 (1.7)e | NA | <.001 |