Table 2 Prevalence of Salmonella in chickens, farm attendants and bedding in Hawassa and Bonga chicken breeding and multiplication centers in Southern Ethiopia
Risk Factors | # sample | Positive | Prevalence (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study area | Bonga | 100 | 27 | 27 | 0.000 |
Hawassa | 170 | 18 | 10.6 | Â | |
Farms | Bonga multiplication center | 100 | 27 | 27 | 0.001 |
Hawassa multiplication center | 80 | 11 | 13.8 | Â | |
Hawassa commercial farm 2 | 90 | 7 | 7.8 | Â | |
Sample type | Bedding (environment) | 17 | 6 | 35.3 | 0.028 |
Hand swab (personnel) | 9 | 3 | 33.3 | Â | |
Cloacal swab (chickens) | 244 | 36 | 14.8 | Â | |
Housing | Litter | 190 | 34 | 17.9 | 0.404 |
Cage | 80 | 11 | 13.9 | Â | |
Breed | White leghorn | 190 | 34 | 17.9 | 0.404 |
Bovans | 80 | 11 | 13.8 | Â | |
Age group | Chicks | 21 | 10 | 47.6 | 0.003 |
Cock | 19 | 4 | 21.1 | Â | |
Cockerel | 3 | 0 | 0 | Â | |
Layer | 194 | 29 | 14.9 | Â | |
Pullet | 33 | 2 | 6.1 | Â | |
Total | Â | 270 | 45 | 16.7 | Â |