From: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in persons living with HIV enrolled in care in Rwanda
 | HBsAg (n = 114,040) | HCVAb (n = 116,868) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (%) | Positive (95% CI) | p-valuea | Total (%) | Positive (95% CI) | p-valuea | |
Overall | ||||||
 All | 114,040 | 4.3 (4.2–4.4) |  | 116,868 | 4.6 (4.5–4.7) |  |
Demographic factors | ||||||
 Age |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | <0.005 |
   < 15 | 4917 (4.4) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) |  | 5062 (4.4) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) |  |
  15–24 | 7409 (6.6) | 4.0 (3.5–4.4) |  | 7616 (6.6) | 2.1 (1.7–2.4) |  |
  25–34 | 21,287 (19.0) | 4.2 (3.9–4.5) |  | 21,838 (19.0) | 3.1 (2.9–3.4) |  |
  35–44 | 34,113 (30.4) | 4.8 (4.5–5.0) |  | 34,971 (30.5) | 3.8 (3.5–4.0) |  |
  45–54 | 28,719 (25.6) | 4.5 (4.2–4.7) |  | 29,371 (25.6) | 4.7 (4.5–5.0) |  |
  55–64 | 12,582 (11.2) | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) |  | 12,871 (11.2) | 8.8 (8.3–9.3) |  |
   ≥ 65 | 3037 (2.7) | 3.9 (3.2–4.6) |  | 3098 (2.7) | 17.8 (16.4–19.2) |  |
 Gender |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | <0.005 |
  Female | 74,141 (65.1) | 3.7 (3.5–3.8) |  | 75,946 (65.1) | 4.4 (4.3–4.6) |  |
  Male | 39,751 (34.9) | 5.4 (5.1–5.6) |  | 40,774 (34.9) | 5.0 (4.8–5.2) |  |
 Enrolment facility |  | 0.031 |  |  | 0.013 | |
  Health center | 92,576 (84.2) | 4.2 (4.0–4.3) |  | 94,991 (84.3) | 4.5 (4.4–4.7) |  |
  Hospital | 17,346 (15.8) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) |  | 17,715 (15.7) | 5.0 (4.7–5.3) |  |
Geographical factors | ||||||
 Province |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | <0.005 |
  Kigali | 19,135 (16.8) | 5.0 (4.7–5.3) |  | 19,413 (16.6) | 4.0 (3.7–4.2) |  |
  East | 23,404 (20.5) | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) |  | 25,874 (22.1) | 5.2 (4.9–5.5) |  |
  North | 16,094 (14.1) | 4.2 (3.9–4.6) |  | 16,114 (13.8) | 4.2 (3.9–4.6) |  |
  South | 27,368 (24.0) | 3.6 (3.4–3.9) |  | 27,367 (23.4) | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) |  |
  West | 28,027 (24.6) | 3.5 (3.3–3.7) |  | 28,086 (24.0) | 3.5 (3.3–3.8) |  |
 Residenceb |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | 0.013 |
  Rural | 73,820 (74.7) | 4.0 (3.9–4.2) |  | 76,070 (75.1) | 4.7 (4.5–4.8) |  |
  Urban | 24,975 (25.3) | 4.9 (4.7–5.2) |  | 25,198 (24.9) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) |  |
HIV characteristics | ||||||
 ART category |  |  | 0.214 |  |  | <0.005 |
  On ART | 98,974 (91.6) | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) |  | 101,510 (91.5) | 4.4 (4.3–4.5) |  |
  Pre ART | 9119 (8.4) | 4.1 (3.6–4.5) |  | 9381 (8.5) | 6.6 (6.1–7.1) |  |
 CD4 countb |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | <0.005 |
   ≤ 500 | 34,698 (41.2) | 4.9 (4.7–5.1) |  | 35,339 (41.2) | 5.0 (4.8–5.3) |  |
   > 500 | 49,469 (58.8) | 3.7 (3.6–3.9) |  | 50,497 (58.8) | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) |  |
 HIV viral loadb |  |  | <0.005 |  |  | 0.433 |
   ≤ 1000 | 66,272 (95.1) | 3.9 (3.7–4.1) |  | 67,424 (95.1) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) |  |
   > 1000 | 3406 (4.9) | 5.5 (4.6–6.4) |  | 3486 (4.9) | 4.6 (3.8–5.4) |  |