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Table 2 Comparison between the vancomycin MICs with patient’s demographics, clinical diagnosis and genotypic characteristics of MRSA in 2011 and 2012

From: Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and the molecular characteristics of MRSA bacteraemia over a two-year period in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia

 

Vancomycin MIC

< 1.5 μg/mL

≥ 1.5 μg/mL

P value

2011

2012

Total

2011

2012

Total

N = 58 (%)

N = 48 (%)

N = 106 (%)

N = 37 (%)

N = 66 (%)

N = 103 (%)

Age

 ≤ 50 years old

26 (44.8)

8 (16.7)

34 (32.1)

13 (35.1)

19 (28.8)

32 (31.1)

0.883

 > 50 years old

29 (50)

40 (83.3)

69 (65.1)

23 (62.2)

46 (69.7)

69 (66.9)

0.884

 Not Known

3 (5.2)

0 (0)

3 (2.8)

1 (2.7)

1 (1.5)

2 (1.9)

 

Gender

 Female

18 (31)

22 (45.8)

40 (37.7)

12 (32.4)

22 (33.3)

34 (33)

0.563

 Male

38 (65.5)

26 (54.2)

64 (60.4)

24 (64.9)

44 (66.7)

68 (66)

0.474

 Not Known

2 (3.4)

0 (0)

2 (1.9)

1 (2.7)

0 (0)

1 (0.9)

 

Clinical diagnosis

 Bacteraemia

25 (43.1)

24 (50)

49 (46.2)

15 (40.5)

27 (40.9)

42 (40.8)

0.486

 Skin and soft tissue infections

26 (44.8)

20 (41.7)

46 (43.4)

20 (54.1)

31 46.9)

51 (49.5)

0.407

 Osteomyelitis or septic arthritis

3 (5.2)

3 (6.3)

6 (5.7)

2 (5.4)

7 (10.6)

9 (8.7)

0.432

 Meningitis

3 (5.2)

0 (0)

3 (2.8)

0 (0)

1 (1.5)

1 (0.9)

0.622

 Pericarditis

1 (1.7)

1 (2.1)

2 (1.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.498

Co-morbidities

 Diabetes mellitus

12 (20.7)

27 (56.3)

39 (36.8)

12 (32.4)

25 (37.9)

37 (35.9)

1.000

 Hypoglycaemia

1 (1.7)

0 (0)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

 Hypertension

12 (20.7)

24 (50)

36 (33.9)

11 (29.7)

23 (34.8)

34 (33)

1.000

 Obesity

0 (0)

1 (2.1)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

 Chronic kidney disease and UTI

9 (15.5)

19 (39.6)

28 (26.4)

5 (13.5)

25 (37.9)

30 (29.1)

0.758

 Cancer

8 (13.8)

6 (12.5)

14 (13.2)

3 (8.1)

2 (3)

5 (4.9)

0.052

 Head injury

3 (5.2)

10 (20.8)

13 (12.3)

6 (16.2)

10 (15.2)

16 (15.5)

0.552

 Liver disease

1 (1.7)

5 (10.4)

6 (5.7)

0 (0)

2 (3)

2 (1.9)

0.280

 Respiratory disease

7 (12.1)

9 (18.8)

16 (15.1)

3 (8.1)

10 (15.2)

13 (12.6)

0.691

 Cardiovascular disease

6 (10.3)

11 (22.9)

17 (16)

2 (5.4)

8 (12.1)

10 (9.7)

0.217

 Gastrointestinal disease

2 (3.4)

3 (6.3)

5 (4.7)

0 (0)

2 (3)

2 (1.9)

0.446

 Autoimmune disease

1 (1.7)

0 (0)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

 Bone and joint disorder

3 (5.2)

4 (8.3)

7 (6.6)

0 (0)

6 (9.1)

6 (5.8)

1.000

 Endocrine disorder

0 (0)

2 (4.2)

2 (1.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.5)

1 (0.9)

1.000

 Blood disorder

1 (1.7)

1 (2.1)

2 (1.9)

0 (0)

2 (3)

2 (1.9)

1.000

 CMV

0 (0)

1 (2.1)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

 Skin disease

0 (0)

1 (2.1)

1 (0.9)

4 (10.8)

3 (4.5)

7 (6.8)

0.034

 None

3 (5.2)

4 (8.3)

7 (6.6)

0 (0)

4 (6.1)

4 (3.9)

0.538

 Not Known

24 (41.4)

2 (4.2)

26 (24.5)

12 (32.4)

8 (12.1)

20 (19.4)

0.407

SCCmec types

 SCCmec II

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (5.4)

0 (0)

2 (1.9)

0.242

 SCCmec III

32 (55.2)

21 (43.8)

53 (50)

29 (78.4)

57 (86.4)

86 (83.5)

0.0001

 SCCmec IV

  SCCmec IVa

4 (6.9)

3 (6.3)

7 (6.6)

1 (2.7)

1 (1.5)

2 (1.9)

0.171

  SCCmec IVb

5 (8.6)

0 (0)

5 (4.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.060

   Novel subtypes

13 (22.4)

23 (47.9)

36 (33.9)

2 (5.4)

7 (10.6)

9 (8.7)

0.0001

  SCCmec V

3 (5.2)

1 (2.1)

4 (3.8)

3 (8.1)

0 (0)

3 (2.9)

1.000

  Untypeable

1 (1.7)

0 (0)

1 (0.9)

0 (0)

1 (1.5)

1 (0.9)

1.000

  1. UTI = Urinary Tract Infection, CMV = Cytomegalovirus
  2. Head injury includes: basal ganglia bleed, subdural hematoma and stroke. Liver disease includes: alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis. Respiratory disease includes: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular disease includes: mitral valve regurgitation, ischaemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, congestive cardiac failure. Gastrointestinal disease includes: acute gastroenteritis, Crohn’s disease, perforated diverticular disease, intestinal obstruction. Autoimmune disease includes: Systemic lupus erythematosus. Endocrine disorder includes: thyroid disease, primary hypothyroidism. Blood disorder includes: myelofibrosis, anaemia. Skin disease includes: Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Bullous pemphigoid, exfoliative dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris
  3. Fisher’s exact test done for categorical variables, p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistical significant and are indicated by bold text