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Table 3 Infection characteristics, treatment and outcomes
| CSE | % | CRE | % | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 38,910 | N = 1227 | ||||
| Infection characteristics | |||||
| Sepsis | 12,726 | 32.7% | 409 | 33.3% | 0.039 |
| Pneumonia | 5060 | 13.0% | 187 | 15.2% | |
| UTI | 21,124 | 54.3% | 631 | 51.4% | |
| HCA | 13,782 | 35.4% | 718 | 58.5% | <0.001 |
| Illness severity measures by day 2 | |||||
| ICU admission | 15,876 | 40.8% | 687 | 56.0% | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6092 | 15.7% | 437 | 35.6% | <0.001 |
| Vasopressors | 5798 | 14.9% | 205 | 16.7% | 0.081 |
| Antibiotics administered by day 2 | |||||
| Aminoglycosides | 3843 | 9.9% | 242 | 19.7% | <0.001 |
| Antipseudomonal penicillins | 6403 | 16.5% | 313 | 25.5% | <0.001 |
| Antipseudomonal floroquinolones | 18,468 | 47.5% | 406 | 33.1% | <0.001 |
| Antipseudomonal penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors | 19,727 | 50.7% | 617 | 50.3% | 0.775 |
| Extended spectrum cephalosporins | 13,327 | 34.3% | 415 | 33.8% | 0.755 |
| Folate pathway inhibitors | 251 | 0.6% | 12 | 1.0% | 0.155 |
| Penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors | 854 | 2.2% | 26 | 2.1% | 0.837 |
| Polymyxins | 126 | 0.3% | 24 | 2.0% | <0.001 |
| Tetracyclines | 248 | 0.6% | 6 | 0.5% | 0.519 |
| Tigecycline | 586 | 1.5% | 86 | 7.0% | <0.001 |
| Aztreonam | 1740 | 4.5% | 56 | 4.6% | 0.878 |
| Empiric treatment appropriateness | |||||
| Non-IET | 32,197 | 82.7% | 513 | 41.8% | <0.001 |
| IET | 4336 | 11.1% | 648 | 52.8% | |
| Indeterminate | 2337 | 6.0% | 66 | 5.4% | |
| Hospital outcomes | |||||
| Mortality | 3958 | 10.2% | 178 | 14.5% | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) LOS, days | 9.6 (10.7) | 15.6 (17.4) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] LOS, days | 7 [4, 11] | 10 [6, 18] | <0.001 | ||
| Mean (SD) costs, $ | 20,601 (29702) | 38,494 (46,964) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] costs, $ | 13,020 [7501, 24,237] | 22,909 [12,988, 42,815] | <0.001 | ||
| Hospital outcomes stratified by infection type | |||||
| UTI | |||||
| Mortality | 1873 | 8.9% | 78 | 12.4% | 0.002 |
| Mean (SD) LOS, days | 9.0 (9.4) | 14.6 (15.9) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] LOS, days | 7 [4, 11] | 10 [6, 17] | <0.001 | ||
| Mean (SD) costs, $ | 19,036 (24,494) | 33,400 (37,662) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] costs, $ | 12,082 [7104, 21,822] | 21,154 [12,687, 39,374] | <0.001 | ||
| Sepsis | |||||
| Mortality | 1660 | 13.0% | 81 | 19.8% | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) LOS, days | 10.9 (12.6) | 18.0 (20.8) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] LOS, days | 7 [4, 13] | 11 [7, 21] | <0.001 | ||
| Mean (SD) costs, $ | 26,793 (37,390) | 50,038 (60,602) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] costs, $ | 15,614 [8584, 30,317] | 27,264 [14,581, 57,825] | <0.001 | ||
| Pneumonia | |||||
| Mortality | 425 | 8.4% | 19 | 10.2% | 0.395 |
| Mean (SD) LOS, days | 9.2 (10.4) | 13.4 (13.0) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] LOS, days | 7 [4, 10] | 9 [6, 16] | <0.001 | ||
| Mean (SD) costs, $ | 19,250 (25,743) | 30,432 (35,089) | <0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] costs, $ | 11,826 [7076, 21,100] | 19,820 [12,220, 35,713] | <0.001 | ||
