|
Infection characteristics
|
|
Sepsis
|
12,726
|
32.7%
|
409
|
33.3%
|
0.039
|
|
Pneumonia
|
5060
|
13.0%
|
187
|
15.2%
|
|
UTI
|
21,124
|
54.3%
|
631
|
51.4%
|
|
HCA
|
13,782
|
35.4%
|
718
|
58.5%
|
<0.001
|
|
Illness severity measures by day 2
|
|
ICU admission
|
15,876
|
40.8%
|
687
|
56.0%
|
<0.001
|
|
Mechanical ventilation
|
6092
|
15.7%
|
437
|
35.6%
|
<0.001
|
|
Vasopressors
|
5798
|
14.9%
|
205
|
16.7%
|
0.081
|
|
Antibiotics administered by day 2
|
|
Aminoglycosides
|
3843
|
9.9%
|
242
|
19.7%
|
<0.001
|
|
Antipseudomonal penicillins
|
6403
|
16.5%
|
313
|
25.5%
|
<0.001
|
|
Antipseudomonal floroquinolones
|
18,468
|
47.5%
|
406
|
33.1%
|
<0.001
|
|
Antipseudomonal penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors
|
19,727
|
50.7%
|
617
|
50.3%
|
0.775
|
|
Extended spectrum cephalosporins
|
13,327
|
34.3%
|
415
|
33.8%
|
0.755
|
|
Folate pathway inhibitors
|
251
|
0.6%
|
12
|
1.0%
|
0.155
|
|
Penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors
|
854
|
2.2%
|
26
|
2.1%
|
0.837
|
|
Polymyxins
|
126
|
0.3%
|
24
|
2.0%
|
<0.001
|
|
Tetracyclines
|
248
|
0.6%
|
6
|
0.5%
|
0.519
|
|
Tigecycline
|
586
|
1.5%
|
86
|
7.0%
|
<0.001
|
|
Aztreonam
|
1740
|
4.5%
|
56
|
4.6%
|
0.878
|
|
Empiric treatment appropriateness
|
|
Non-IET
|
32,197
|
82.7%
|
513
|
41.8%
|
<0.001
|
|
IET
|
4336
|
11.1%
|
648
|
52.8%
|
|
Indeterminate
|
2337
|
6.0%
|
66
|
5.4%
|
|
Hospital outcomes
|
|
Mortality
|
3958
|
10.2%
|
178
|
14.5%
|
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) LOS, days
|
9.6 (10.7)
| |
15.6 (17.4)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] LOS, days
|
7 [4, 11]
| |
10 [6, 18]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) costs, $
|
20,601 (29702)
| |
38,494 (46,964)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] costs, $
|
13,020 [7501, 24,237]
| |
22,909 [12,988, 42,815]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Hospital outcomes stratified by infection type
|
|
UTI
|
|
Mortality
|
1873
|
8.9%
|
78
|
12.4%
|
0.002
|
|
Mean (SD) LOS, days
|
9.0 (9.4)
| |
14.6 (15.9)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] LOS, days
|
7 [4, 11]
| |
10 [6, 17]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) costs, $
|
19,036 (24,494)
| |
33,400 (37,662)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] costs, $
|
12,082 [7104, 21,822]
| |
21,154 [12,687, 39,374]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Sepsis
|
|
Mortality
|
1660
|
13.0%
|
81
|
19.8%
|
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) LOS, days
|
10.9 (12.6)
| |
18.0 (20.8)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] LOS, days
|
7 [4, 13]
| |
11 [7, 21]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) costs, $
|
26,793 (37,390)
| |
50,038 (60,602)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] costs, $
|
15,614 [8584, 30,317]
| |
27,264 [14,581, 57,825]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Pneumonia
|
|
Mortality
|
425
|
8.4%
|
19
|
10.2%
|
0.395
|
|
Mean (SD) LOS, days
|
9.2 (10.4)
| |
13.4 (13.0)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] LOS, days
|
7 [4, 10]
| |
9 [6, 16]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Mean (SD) costs, $
|
19,250 (25,743)
| |
30,432 (35,089)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Median [IQR] costs, $
|
11,826 [7076, 21,100]
| |
19,820 [12,220, 35,713]
| |
<0.001
|
