|
Mean age, years (SD)
|
69.1 (15.9)
| |
66.6 (15.3)
| |
<0.001
|
|
Gender: male
|
16,273
|
41.8%
|
642
|
52.3%
|
<0.001
|
|
Race
|
|
White
|
28,295
|
72.7%
|
821
|
66.9%
|
<0.001
|
|
Black
|
5464
|
14.0%
|
242
|
19.7%
|
|
Hispanic
|
1069
|
2.7%
|
32
|
2.6%
|
|
Other
|
4082
|
10.5%
|
132
|
10.8%
|
|
Admission Source
|
|
Non-healthcare facility (including from home)
|
25,559
|
65.7%
|
776
|
63.2%
|
<0.001
|
|
Clinic
|
1285
|
3.3%
|
27
|
2.2%
|
|
Transfer from ECF
|
3697
|
9.5%
|
266
|
21.7%
|
|
Transfer from another non-acute care facility
|
473
|
1.2%
|
22
|
1.8%
|
|
Emergency Department
|
7766
|
20.0%
|
132
|
10.8%
|
|
Other
|
130
|
0.3%
|
4
|
0.3%
|
|
Elixhauser Comorbidities
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
9623
|
24.7%
|
329
|
26.8%
|
0.096
|
|
Valvular disease
|
3112
|
8.0%
|
96
|
7.8%
|
0.825
|
|
Pulmonary circulation disease
|
2323
|
6.0%
|
93
|
7.6%
|
0.020
|
|
Peripheral vascular disease
|
4285
|
11.0%
|
169
|
13.8%
|
0.002
|
|
Paralysis
|
4085
|
10.5%
|
271
|
22.1%
|
<0.001
|
|
Other neurological disorders
|
8668
|
22.3%
|
348
|
28.4%
|
<0.001
|
|
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
11,035
|
28.4%
|
371
|
30.2%
|
0.151
|
|
Diabetes without chronic complications
|
11,616
|
29.9%
|
420
|
34.2%
|
0.001
|
|
Diabetes with chronic complications
|
3809
|
9.8%
|
141
|
11.5%
|
0.049
|
|
Hypothyroidism
|
6764
|
17.4%
|
224
|
18.3%
|
0.428
|
|
Renal failure
|
10,810
|
27.8%
|
446
|
36.3%
|
<0.001
|
|
Liver disease
|
2084
|
5.4%
|
65
|
5.3%
|
0.929
|
|
Peptic ulcer disease with bleeding
|
17
|
0.0%
|
1
|
0.1%
|
0.428
|
|
AIDS
|
12
|
0.0%
|
0
|
0.0%
|
1.000
|
|
Lymphoma
|
604
|
1.6%
|
21
|
1.7%
|
0.657
|
|
Metastatic cancer
|
1787
|
4.6%
|
40
|
3.3%
|
0.027
|
|
Solid tumor without metastasis
|
1569
|
4.0%
|
34
|
2.8%
|
0.026
|
|
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular
|
1721
|
4.4%
|
45
|
3.7%
|
0.204
|
|
Coagulopathy
|
5350
|
13.7%
|
139
|
11.3%
|
0.015
|
|
Obesity
|
6095
|
15.7%
|
191
|
15.6%
|
0.926
|
|
Weight loss
|
6855
|
17.6%
|
340
|
27.7%
|
<0.001
|
|
Fluid and electrolyte disorders
|
21,332
|
54.8%
|
378
|
30.8%
|
0.764
|
|
Chronic blood loss anemia
|
545
|
1.4%
|
24
|
2.0%
|
0.105
|
|
Deficiency anemia
|
15,154
|
38.9%
|
598
|
48.7%
|
<0.001
|
|
Alcohol abuse
|
1367
|
3.5%
|
33
|
2.7%
|
0.122
|
|
Drug abuse
|
923
|
2.4%
|
35
|
2.9%
|
0.278
|
|
Psychosis
|
2358
|
6.1%
|
81
|
6.6%
|
0.435
|
|
Depression
|
5854
|
15.0%
|
174
|
14.2%
|
0.404
|
|
Hypertension
|
24,938
|
64.1%
|
781
|
63.7%
|
0.752
|
|
Charlson Comoribidity Score
|
|
0
|
12,010
|
30.9%
|
334
|
27.2%
|
<0.001
|
|
1
|
7855
|
20.2%
|
230
|
18.7%
|
|
2
|
7902
|
20.3%
|
244
|
19.9%
|
|
3
|
5118
|
13.2%
|
180
|
14.7%
|
|
4
|
2897
|
7.4%
|
146
|
11.9%
|
|
5+
|
3128
|
8.0%
|
93
|
7.6%
|
|
Mean (SD)
|
1.9 (2.1)
| |
2.0 (2.0)
| |
0.009
|
|
Median [IQR]
|
1 [0,3]
| |
2 [0, 3]
| |
<0.001
|
|
Hospital Characteristics
|
|
Census region
|
|
Midwest
|
10,531
|
27.1%
|
288
|
23.5%
|
<0.001
|
|
Northeast
|
5297
|
13.6%
|
336
|
27.4%
|
|
South
|
16,203
|
41.6%
|
310
|
25.3%
|
|
West
|
6879
|
17.7%
|
293
|
23.9%
|
|
Number of Beds
|
|
< 200
|
6589
|
16.9%
|
192
|
15.6%
|
<0.001
|
|
200 to 299
|
8779
|
22.6%
|
338
|
27.5%
|
|
300 to 499
|
12,691
|
32.6%
|
421
|
34.3%
|
|
500+
|
10,851
|
27.9%
|
276
|
22.5%
|
|
Teaching
|
14,609
|
37.5%
|
566
|
46.1%
|
<0.001
|
|
Urban
|
35,079
|
90.2%
|
1167
|
95.1%
|
<0.001
|
