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Table 2 Baseline characteristics

From: Carbapenem resistance, inappropriate empiric treatment and outcomes among patients hospitalized with Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infection, pneumonia and sepsis

 

CSE

%

CRE

%

P-value

N = 38,910

N = 1227

Mean age, years (SD)

69.1 (15.9)

 

66.6 (15.3)

 

<0.001

Gender: male

16,273

41.8%

642

52.3%

<0.001

Race

 White

28,295

72.7%

821

66.9%

<0.001

 Black

5464

14.0%

242

19.7%

 Hispanic

1069

2.7%

32

2.6%

 Other

4082

10.5%

132

10.8%

Admission Source

 Non-healthcare facility (including from home)

25,559

65.7%

776

63.2%

<0.001

 Clinic

1285

3.3%

27

2.2%

 Transfer from ECF

3697

9.5%

266

21.7%

 Transfer from another non-acute care facility

473

1.2%

22

1.8%

 Emergency Department

7766

20.0%

132

10.8%

 Other

130

0.3%

4

0.3%

Elixhauser Comorbidities

 Congestive heart failure

9623

24.7%

329

26.8%

0.096

 Valvular disease

3112

8.0%

96

7.8%

0.825

 Pulmonary circulation disease

2323

6.0%

93

7.6%

0.020

 Peripheral vascular disease

4285

11.0%

169

13.8%

0.002

 Paralysis

4085

10.5%

271

22.1%

<0.001

 Other neurological disorders

8668

22.3%

348

28.4%

<0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease

11,035

28.4%

371

30.2%

0.151

 Diabetes without chronic complications

11,616

29.9%

420

34.2%

0.001

 Diabetes with chronic complications

3809

9.8%

141

11.5%

0.049

 Hypothyroidism

6764

17.4%

224

18.3%

0.428

 Renal failure

10,810

27.8%

446

36.3%

<0.001

 Liver disease

2084

5.4%

65

5.3%

0.929

 Peptic ulcer disease with bleeding

17

0.0%

1

0.1%

0.428

 AIDS

12

0.0%

0

0.0%

1.000

 Lymphoma

604

1.6%

21

1.7%

0.657

 Metastatic cancer

1787

4.6%

40

3.3%

0.027

 Solid tumor without metastasis

1569

4.0%

34

2.8%

0.026

 Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular

1721

4.4%

45

3.7%

0.204

 Coagulopathy

5350

13.7%

139

11.3%

0.015

 Obesity

6095

15.7%

191

15.6%

0.926

 Weight loss

6855

17.6%

340

27.7%

<0.001

 Fluid and electrolyte disorders

21,332

54.8%

378

30.8%

0.764

 Chronic blood loss anemia

545

1.4%

24

2.0%

0.105

 Deficiency anemia

15,154

38.9%

598

48.7%

<0.001

 Alcohol abuse

1367

3.5%

33

2.7%

0.122

 Drug abuse

923

2.4%

35

2.9%

0.278

 Psychosis

2358

6.1%

81

6.6%

0.435

 Depression

5854

15.0%

174

14.2%

0.404

 Hypertension

24,938

64.1%

781

63.7%

0.752

Charlson Comoribidity Score

 0

12,010

30.9%

334

27.2%

<0.001

 1

7855

20.2%

230

18.7%

 2

7902

20.3%

244

19.9%

 3

5118

13.2%

180

14.7%

 4

2897

7.4%

146

11.9%

 5+

3128

8.0%

93

7.6%

 Mean (SD)

1.9 (2.1)

 

2.0 (2.0)

 

0.009

 Median [IQR]

1 [0,3]

 

2 [0, 3]

 

<0.001

Hospital Characteristics

 Census region

  Midwest

10,531

27.1%

288

23.5%

<0.001

  Northeast

5297

13.6%

336

27.4%

  South

16,203

41.6%

310

25.3%

  West

6879

17.7%

293

23.9%

Number of Beds

  < 200

6589

16.9%

192

15.6%

<0.001

 200 to 299

8779

22.6%

338

27.5%

 300 to 499

12,691

32.6%

421

34.3%

 500+

10,851

27.9%

276

22.5%

 Teaching

14,609

37.5%

566

46.1%

<0.001

 Urban

35,079

90.2%

1167

95.1%

<0.001

  1. CSE carbapenem sensitive Enterobacteriaceae, CRE carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, SD standard deviation, ECF extended care facility, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome, IQR interquartile range