Skip to main content

Table 2 Baseline admission laboratory parameters of patients with severe falciparum malaria by AKI status at enrolment

From: Cell-free hemoglobin mediated oxidative stress is associated with acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in severe falciparum malaria: an observational study

Variable

Total

No AKI

AKI

P

 

(n = 107)

n

(n = 45)

n

(n = 62)

n

 

 Hemoglobin (mg/dl)

9.1 (7.2–11.0)

107

10.6 (8.0–11.3)

45

8.5 (7.1–10.3)

62

0.017

 Cell-free hemoglobin (μM)b

7.0 (5.5–8.7)

105

5.1 (4.0–6.6)

45

8.8 (6.2–12.3)

60

0.018

 White blood cells (×103/μl)

9.4 (6.7–12.8)

102

9.2 (6.4–11.7)

44

9.6 (7.0–16.6)

58

0.339

 Platelets (×103/μl)

30 (19–46)

100

35 (23–53)

44

27 (18–42)

56

0.075

 Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

2.0 (1.0–5.3)

106

1.5 (0.9–3.2)

45

2.5 (1.3–10.7)

61

0.005

 Indirect bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.8 (0.3–1.9)

106

0.4 (0.2–1.3)

45

1.3 (0.4–2.7)

61

0.013

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/l)

635 (455–886)

107

541(403–643)

45

766 (566–1027)

62

<0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.4 (1.1–3.3)

107

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

45

3.0 (1.6–4.4)

62

<0.001

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)

43 (26–75)

107

26 (18–37)

45

66 (44–104)

62

<0.001

 Potassium (mmol/l)

4.4 (3.9–5.2)

106

4.1 (3.8–4.6)

45

4.7 (4.1–5.5)

61

<0.001

 Base excess (mmol/l)

−8 (−11 to −4)

107

−5 (−7 to −2)

45

−10 (−13 to −7)

62

<0.001

 Bicarbonate (mmol/l)

17.3 (14.1–20.2)

107

19.2 (17.0–21.9)

45

15.9 (13.3–18.6)

62

<0.001

 Lactate (mmol/l)

3.85 (2.49–6.28)

107

3.85 (2.58–5.61)

45

3.89 (2.30–6.68)

62

0.852

 Parasitemia (parasites/μl)b

53,529 (34586–82,846)

107

61,253 (34094–110,048)

45

48,540 (25716–91,619)

62

0.605

 PfHRP2 (ng/ml)

2584 (1341–7194)

101

1743.8 (1090–3159)

45

3996 (1737–12,382)

56

<0.001

Urinary indices

 Urine protein:creatinine

0.81 (0.42–1.11)

81

0.81 (0.52–1.15)

34

0.81 (0.41–1.11)

47

0.867

 Urine albumin:creatinine

9.52 (5.49–19.12)

65

9.52 (5.69–19.12)

25

9.76 (5.19–19.49)

40

0.861

 pH

5 (5–6)

98

6 (5–6)

42

5 (5–6)

56

<0.001

 FeNa (%)c

0.67 (0.37–1.35)

94

0.57 (0.22–0.91)

40

0.94 (0.47–2.44)

54

0.012

Oxidative stress markers

 Plasma F2-IsoPs (pg/ml)b

41.1 (34.8–48.5)

64

27.8 (23.7–32.7)

29

56.7 (45.3–70.9)

35

<0.001

 Plasma IsoFs (pg/ml)b

70.6 (56.2–88.7)

64

41.7 (30.2–57.6)

29

109.2 (85.1–140.1)

35

<0.001

  1. All values are median (IQR) unless otherwise specified: bgeometric mean (95% CI), cnumber (%). P < 0.05 using student t-test, Mann U Whitney or Fischer’s exact tests; significant in bold. Abbreviations: AKI acute kidney injury, PfHRP2 P falciparum histidine rich protein 2, FeNa fractional excretion of sodium, F 2 -IsoPs plasma F2-isoprostanes, IsoFs plasma isofurans
Back to article page

BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

Contact us