Hepatitis C co-infection is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy

Table 1 Baseline study characteristics, overall and stratified by hepatitis C virus co-infection

	Overall (n = 2595)	HCV positive (n = 484)	HCV negative (n = 1978)	Unknown (n = 133)
Median age (IQR), years	40 (33, 46)	41 (35, 47)	39 (33, 46)	41 (36, 49)
Male sex	2195 (85%)	394 (81%)	1690 (85%)	111 (83%)
African/Caribbean ethnicity ^a	368 (24%)	17 (5%)	344 (29%)	17 (27%)
Median eGFR (IQR), mL/min/1.73 m²	105 (92, 116)	103 (91, 114)	105 (92, 117)	106 (96, 115)
Injection drug use as HIV risk factor ^b	389 (18%)	302 (69%)	83 (5%)	4 (4%)
Median CD4⁺ cell count (IQR), cells/μL	210 (102, 318)	190 (80, 290)	220 (110, 323)	200 (100, 319)
Median HIV viral load (IQR), log₁₀ copies/mL	4.9 (4.4, 5.2)	4.9 (4.4, 5.1)	4.9 (4.4, 5.2)	4.9 (4.4, 5.2)
Previous AIDS-defining event ^c	450 (19%)	99 (22%)	331 (19%)	20 (18%)
Tenofovir use	1410 (54%)	227 (47%)	1111 (56%)	72 (54%)
Atazanavir use	666 (26%)	144 (30%)	494 (25%)	28 (21%)
Lopinavir use	471 (18%)	99 (20%)	347 (18%)	25 (19%)
Median year of cART initiation (IQR)	2007 (2004, 2009)	2006 (2003, 2009)	2008 (2004, 2009)	2008 (2004, 2010)
Liver fibrosis (APRI ≥1.5) ^d	145 (7%)	69 (17%)	71 (5%)	5 (6%)
Diabetes ^e	119 (5%)	26 (6%)	89 (5%)	4 (3%)
Hypertension ^f	74 (12%)	13 (15%)	59 (12%)	2 (8%)
Cohort province
British Columbia	1103 (43%)	307 (63%)	738 (37%)	58 (44%)
Ontario	838 (32%)	110 (23%)	694 (35%)	34 (26%)
Québec	654 (25%)	67 (14%)	546 (28%)	41 (31%)

APRI aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, cART combination antiretroviral therapy, IQR interquartile range, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HCV hepatitis C virus
^a 1045 participants (40%) are missing data on African/Caribbean ethnicity; 138 among HCV Positive, 838 among HCV Negative, and 69 among the Unknown
^b 431 participants (17%) are missing data on injection drug use risk factor; 44 among HCV Positive, 344 among HCV Negative, and 43 among the Unknown
^c 246 participants (9%) are missing previous AIDS event histories; 31 among HCV Positive, 197 among HCV Negative, and 18 among the Unknown
^d 603 participants (23%) are missing data on liver fibrosis; 73 among HCV Positive, 484 among HCV Negative, and 46 among the Unknown
^e 142 participants (5%) are missing data on diabetes; 13 among HCV Positive, 111 among HCV Negative, and 18 among the Unknown
^f 1973 participants (76%) are missing data on hypertension; 395 among HCV Positive, 1470 among HCV Negative, and 108 among the Unknown

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