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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between age at EBV infection and exposure variables, stratified by ethnic group

From: Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella zoster virus infection in the first two years of life: a cohort study in Bradford, UK

White British

 

Age at EBV infection

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI)

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI)

n = 361

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

n = 361

by 12 mths

12–24 mths

uninfected at 24 mths

All children, n = 391

28 (7%)

71 (18%)

292 (75%)

   

Birth order (391)

1

10 (5%)

33 (18%)

141 (77%)

1.0

-

-

2

10 (8%)

18 (14%)

100 (78%)

0.95 (0.56–1.63)

-

-

3+

8 (10%)

20 (25%)

51 (65%)

1.80 (1.02–3.17)

-

-

Total household members at 12 m (389)

median

IQR, range

4

3–4.5, 2–8

4

3–5, 2–7

4

3–4, 2–8

1.20 (0.97–1.47)

1.19 (0.97–1.47)

0.91 (0.63–1.33)

No. of children (<16y) in household at 12 m (369)

median

IQR, range

2

1–3, 1–6

1

1–2, 1–5

2

1–2, 1–4

1.36 (1.07–1.74)

1.34 (1.05–1.71)

1.53 (0.96–2.42)

Duration of breastfeeding (390)

never

12 (12%)

20 (19%)

70 (69%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

<=4 weeks

8 (8%)

20 (20%)

71 (72%)

0.83 (0.46–1.51)

0.78 (0.42–1.47)

0.96 (0.48–1.89)

1–6 months

7 (7%)

16 (17%)

72 (76%)

0.68 (0.36–1.27)

0.62 (0.33–1.18)

0.88 (0.43–1.78)

6–12 months

1 (2%)

11 (17%)

53 (81%)

0.46 (0.22–0.97)

0.44 (0.21–0.94)

0.74 (0.31–1.76)

>12 months

0

4 (14%)

25 (86%)

0.32 (0.10–1.00)

0.31 (0.10–0.96)

0.58 (0.17–2.00)

Bedroom sharing in first year (389)

no

15 (7%)

36 (16%)

169 (77%)

1.0

 

-

yes

13 (8%)

35 (21%)

121 (72%)

1.30 (0.82–2.04)

 

-

Bedroom sharing in second year (391)

No

14 (6%)

43 (17%)

191 (77%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

yes

14 (10%)

28 (19%)

101 (71%)

1.43 (0.90–2.27)

1.59 (0.99–2.57)

1.21 (0.71–2.07)

Informal child care from 12 m to 24 m visit: total hours (384)

No childcare

12 (10%)

21 (17%)

92 (74%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

<1165 total hours

3 (7%)

13 (29%)

28 (64%)

1.45 (0.71–2.96)

1.31 (0.62–2.78)

2.48 (1.04–5.92)

> = 1165 total hours

4 (10%)

6 (15%)

31 (75%)

0.91 (0.40–2.05)

0.89 (0.39–2.02)

1.54 (0.61–3.86)

No informal (only formal)

3 (3%)

17 (16%)

87 (81%)

0.61 (0.33–1.13)

0.56 (0.30–1.05)

0.87 (0.43–1.75)

No 24 m childcare, only 12 m

6 (9%)

12 (18%)

49 (73%)

1.01 (0.52–1.97)

1.00 (0.51–1.99)

1.05 (0.50–2.20)

Mother and baby activities in first year (389)

Rarely

23 (11%)

44 (21%)

142 (68%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

At least once a month

5 (3%)

27 (15%)

148 (82%)

0.44 (0.27–0.71)

0.44 (0.27–0.71)

0.53 (0.31–0.90)

Mother and baby activities in second year (389)

Rarely

13 (8%)

34 (22%)

111 (70%)

1.0

 

-

At least once a month

15 (6%)

37 (16%)

179 (78%)

0.69 (0.44–1.09)

 

-

Maternal age at recruitment (391)

Mean, SD, range

26.6, 5.34

18–35

28.1, 5.83

16–41

29.4, 5.99

15–43

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

0.96 (0.91–1.01)

Maternal education (391)

5 GCSE equivalent or less

18 (11%)

32 (20%)

107 (68%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

A level equiv & higher

9 (5%)

32 (17%)

149 (78%)

0.56 (0.35–0.91)

0.55 (0.34–0.89)

0.86 (0.47–1.60)

other/DK/foreign unknown

1 (2%)

7 (16%)

36 (82%)

0.45 (0.20–1.03)

0.36 (0.14–0.91)

0.46 (0.17–1.25)

Home ownership (391)

Yes

12 (5%)

41 (17%)

192 (78%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

No

16 (11%)

30 (21%)

100 (68%)

1.73 (1.09–2.73)

1.65 (1.03–2.64)

0.94 (0.50–1.74)

Age 24 m blood sample taken (mths) (391)

23.59–24.99

9 (11%)

11 (13%)

64 (76%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

25–26.99

18 (8%)

36 (16%)

174 (76%)

0.96 (0.53–1.72)

1.01 (0.55–1.87)

1.04 (0.54–1.99)

27–32.89

1 (1%)

24 (30%)

54 (68%)

1.26 (0.64–2.48)

1.26 (0.62–2.57)

1.21 (0.57–2.57)

Pakistani

 

by 12 mths

12–24 mths

uninfected at 24 mths

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI)

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI)

n = 453

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

n = 453

All children, n = 472

101 (21%)

140 (30%)

231 (49%)

 

Birth order (472)

1

26 (21%)

38 (30%)

62 (49%)

1.0

 

-

2

24 (22%)

31 (29%)

52 (49%)

1.05 (0.65–1.71)

 

-

3+

51 (21%)

71 (30%)

117 (49%)

1.02 (0.68–1.53)

 

-

Total household members at 12 m (468)

median

IQR, range

6

5–7, 3–13

6

4–7, 3–15

5

4–7, 2–15

1.07 (1.00–1.16)

1.07 (0.99–1.15)

1.07 (0.98–1.17)

No. of children (<16y) in household at 12 m (456)

median

IQR, range

3

2–4, 1–8

3

2–4, 1–7

3

2–4, 1–7

1.08 (0.95–1.23)

1.08 (0.94–1.22)

1.03 (0.87–1.20)

Duration of breastfeeding (468)

never

21 (25%)

21 (25%)

42 (50%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

<=4 weeks

25 (27%)

29 (32%)

37 (41%)

1.34 (0.77–2.35)

1.53 (0.87–2.70)

1.65 (0.92–2.96)

1–6 months

24 (20%)

36 (30%)

61 (50%)

0.90 (0.53–1.53)

0.87 (0.51–1.49)

0.82 (0.48–1.43)

6–12 months

17 (17%)

32 (31%)

53 (52%)

0.82 (0.47–1.41)

0.82 (0.47–1.43)

0.73 (0.41–1.29)

>12 months

14 (20%)

19 (27%)

37 (53%)

0.84 (0.46–1.54)

0.87 (0.47–1.61)

0.88 (0.47–1.63)

Bedroom sharing in first year (468)

no

2 (6%)

10 (32%)

19 (61%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

yes

99 (23%)

128 (29%)

210 (48%)

1.94 (0.95–3.96)

1.95 (0.95–3.99)

2.06 (0.99–4.28)

Bedroom sharing in second year (472)

no

4 (17%)

5 (21%)

15 (62%)

1.0

 

-

yes

97 (22%)

135 (30%)

216 (48%)

1.70 (0.74–3.90)

 

-

Bed sharing in second year (471)

No

55 (21%)

70 (26%)

142 (53%)

1.0

 

-

yes

46 (22%)

69 (34%)

89 (44%)

1.35 (0.96–1.90)

 

-

Any regular child care arrangement up to 24 m visit (472)

no

87 (23%)

106 (28%)

187 (49%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

yes

14 (15%)

34 (37%)

44 (48%)

0.91 (0.60–1.38)

0.89 (0.58–1.37)

0.97 (0.62–1.53)

Mother and baby activities in first year (468)

Rarely

88 (22%)

124 (31%)

193 (48%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

At least once a month

13 (21%)

14 (22%)

36 (57%)

0.74 (0.44–1.25)

0.67 (0.40–1.15)

0.61 (0.35–1.06)

Mother and baby activities in second year (472)

Rarely

58 (23%)

78 (31%)

117 (46%)

1.0

 

-

At least once a month

43 (20%)

62 (28%)

114 (52%)

0.80 (0.57–1.13)

 

-

Age 24 m blood sample taken (mths) (472)

23.59–24.99

20 (22%)

22 (24%)

49 (54%)

1.0

1.0

1.0

25–26.99

46 (19%)

70 (29%)

124 (52%)

1.02 (0.64–1.62)

0.98 (0.61–1.57)

1.10 (0.67–1.80)

27–32.89

35 (25%)

48 (34%)

58 (41%)

1.50 (0.91–2.47)

1.47 (0.88–2.46)

1.78 (1.05–3.04)

  1. EBV Epstein-Barr virus; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; IQR inter-quartile range