Initial therapeutic strategy of invasive candidiasis for intensive care unit patients: a retrospective analysis from the China-SCAN study

Table 2 Risk factors of fungal infection present within 2 weeks (3 months for immunosuppressants) prior to study entry, or at diagnosis, among 268 ICI patients receiving antifungal therapy in the China-SCAN study

Variables	Empirical N = 142	Pre-emptive N = 53	Targeted N = 73	P-value
Immune compromised, n (%)
Immunosuppressant therapy^a	5 (3.5)	3 (5.7)	5 (6.8)	0.535
HIV infection	1 (0.7)	1 (1.9)	-	0.476
Neutropenia	3 (2.1)	-	-	0.260
Previous antibiotic therapy, n (%)^b
cephalosporins	38 (26.8)	9 (17.0)	12 (16.4)	0.138
carbapenems	49 (34.5)	18 (34.0)	20 (27.4)	0.554
pennicillins	62 (43.7)	21 (39.6)	30 (41.1)	0.858
quinolones	17 (12.0)	8 (15.1)	9 (12.3)	0.839
glycopeptides	26 (18.3)	10 (18.9)	12 (16.4)	0.925
Life-sustaining treatments ≥ 24 h
Invasive mechanical ventilation	113 (79.6)	47 (88.7)	60 (82.2)	0.337
vasopressor	47 (33.1)	12 (22.6)	19 (26.0)	0.286
Renal replacement therapy	8 (5.6)	5 (9.4)	8 (11.0)	0.345
Catheterization, n (%)^c
central venous	113 (79.6)	45 (84.9)	66 (90.4)	0.122
indwelling arterial	27 (19.6)	13 (25.0)	6 (8.5)	0.040
drainage tube	52 (36.6)	26 (49.1)	23 (31.5)	0.124
urethral	104 (73.8)	43 (81.1)	53 (73.6)	0.534
Gastrointestinal dysfunction, n (%)^d	72 (50.7)	32 (60.4)	45 (61.6)	0.229
Total parenteral nutrition, n (%)	70 (49.3)	30 (56.6)	41 (56.2)	0.513
Surgery, n (%)	59 (41.5)	24 (45.3)	25 (34.7)	0.457
Abdominal	33 (23.2)	20 (37.7)	18 (24.7)	0.114

Continuous variables are expressed as the means ± SD or medians (IQR). All the other data are raw numbers (%)
^aVariables included steroid therapy, which defined as > 0.5 mg/(kg · day)⁻¹ prednisone over 1 month (n = 7), cancer chemotherapy (n = 6), post-solid organ transplant immunosuppression (n = 1), allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 1), and tumor necrosis factor therapy (n = 1) within 3 months prior to study entry
^bAll patients receiving systemic drug therapy for ≥ 3 days within 2 weeks prior to study entry
^cVariables included patients who required treatments were catheterized within 2 weeks of the first positive sample no matter the catheter was removed or not before diagnosis
^dVariables included hemorrhage, food intolerance, perforation, surgery, acalculouscholecystitis or intra-abdominal hypertension

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