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Table 2 Risk of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay and mortality in hospitalized patients in the ICU undergoing oral hygiene with chlorhexidine 0.12% oral solution (Control group) and toothbrushing with chlorhexidine gel 0.12% (Intervention group)

From: Impact of oral hygiene involving toothbrushing versus chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized study

Events

Control group (n = 108)

Intervention group (n = 105)

RR

CI(95%)

P value

VAP

 No

80 (47,6%)

88 (52,4%)

1,0

-

-

 Yes

28 (62,2%)

17 (37,8%)

1,81

0,93 – 3,57

0,084

Death

 No

81 (48,8%)

85 (51,2%)

1,0

-

-

 Yes

27 (57,5%)

20 (42,5%)

1,41

0,73 – 2,70

0,296

Duration of mechanical ventilationb

 Mean ± sd

11,1 ± 7,6

8,7 ± 5,0

1,063

1,011 – 1,120

0,018a

 Categorizationc

 Up to 5 days

13 (37,1%)

22 (62,9%)

1,0

-

-

 6 to 10 days

40 (48,8%)

42 (41,2%)

1,61

0,71 – 3,70

0,249

 11 days and more

28 (57,1%)

21 (42,9%)

2,27

0,93 – 5,55

0,073

Length of ICUb

 Mean ± sd

13,9 ± 8,6

11,9 ± 7,77

1,032

0,999 – 1,065

0,064

 Categorizationd

 Up to 5 days

11 (39,3%)

17 (60,7%)

1,0

-

-

 6 to 10 days

38 (50,0%)

38 (50,0%)

1,54

0,64 – 3,70

0,333

 11 days and more

59 (54,1%)

50 (45,9%)

1,82

0,78 – 4,34

0,164

  1. astatistically significant association
  2. bAmong patients who were discharged from the ICU (n = 166)
  3. cChi-squared test for trend (χ 2 = 3,205; p = 0,073)
  4. dChi-squared test for trend (χ 2 = 1,801; p = 0,179)