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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses regarding the risk factors of the carbapenem-resistant E.coli (CREC) and no infection groups

From: Risk factors and medical costs for healthcare-associated carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli infection among hospitalized patients in a Chinese teaching hospital

Variable

Study group

Univariate

Multivariable

Case (n = 49)

Control (n = 98)

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95%CI

P

Demographic characteristics

 Sex, male (%)

20 (41%)

37 (38%)

  

0.43

   

 Age {year, median (range)}

51 (0–82)

47 (0–82)

  

0.34

   

Related to hospitalization

 Prior hospital stay (<6 months)

38 (78%)

59 (60%)

2.36

1.05-5.30

0.04

   

 ICU stay (<6 months)

18 (37%)

10 (10%)

3.05

1.60-5.82

0.00

   

 Operation history

26 (53%)

28 (29%)

2.53

1.28-5.01

0.01

   

 Urinary catheter insertion

32 (65%)

19 (19%)

5.34

2.58-11.06

0.00

7.14

2.37-21.49

0.00

 Mechanical ventilation

16 (33%)

18 (18%)

12.45

2.92-53.05

0.00

   

 Tracheostomy

12 (24%)

1 (1%)

7.45

1.33-41.65

0.02

   

 Central venous catheter insertion

15 (31%)

1 (1%)

7.17

2.01-25.60

0.00

8.85

1.04-75.51

0.04

 Bronchofibroscope use

7 (14%)

2 (2%)

6.74

1.52-29.83

0.01

   

 Gastric tube insertion

28 (57%)

4 (4%)

19.25

2.77-133.69

0.00

   

 Wound drainage tube use

18 (37%)

27 (28%)

3.04

1.60-5.78

0.00

   

Underlying disorder

 Central nervous diseases

17 (34%)

23 (23%)

1.73

0.82-3.67

0.11

   

 Respiratory diseases

7 (14%)

13 (13%)

1.09

0.41-2.63

0.53

   

 Circulatory diseases

11 (22%)

21 (21%)

1.06

0.46-2.43

0.52

   

 Endocrine diseases

7 (14%)

8 ( 8%)

1.88

0.64-5.51

0.19

   

 Hematological diseases

3 (6%)

10 (10%)

0.57

0.15-2.19

0.31

   

 Digestive system diseases

9 (18%)

16 (16%)

1.15

0.47-2.84

0.46

   

 Urinary system diseases

9 (18%)

8 ( 28%)

5.06

1.37-18.76

0.02

16.79

0.72-389.5

0.07

 Autoimmune diseases

3 (6%)

4 (4%)

1.53

0.33-7.13

0.01

   

 Burn

10 (20%)

18.54

18.54

2.36-145.58

0.01

   

Antimicrobials agents exposure

 Cephalosporins a

36 (73%)

28 (29%)

6.92

3.20-14.97

0.00

   

 Carbapenemsb

19 (38%)

4 ( 4%)

7.41

2.46-22.36

0.00

12.02

1.52-95.4

0.01

 Antifungal agentsc

17 (35%)

2 (2%)

4.72

1.65-13.52

0.00

   

 Anti-anaerobic agentsd

2 (4%)

3 (3%)

1.35

0.22-8.34

0.54

   

 Glycopeptidese and Oxazolidinones

13 (27%)

0 (0%)

4.69

1.53-4.31

0.01

   

Relative laboratory results

 White blood cellcount

11 ± 7

7 ± 4

1.95

1.11-3.43

0.00

   

 Hemoglobin

104 ± 26

122 ± 23

2.25

1.41-3.57

0.00

   

 Blood albumin

32 ± 7

40 ± 5

4.03

2.15-7.58

0.00

   

 Blood glucose

9 ± 7

5.5 ± 1.8

5.29

2.09-13.41

0.00

   
  1. NOTE.Categorical variables are no/total no (%), and continuous variables are mean ± SD.CI:confidence interval, OR:odds ratio
  2. aCephalosporins include First, second, third and fourth generation cephalosporins
  3. bCarbapenems include imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem
  4. cAntifungal agents include metronidazole and tinidazole
  5. dAnti-anaerobic agents include fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin
  6. eGlycopeptides include vancomycin, teicoplanin, and norvancomycin