Variable | Study group | Univariate | Multivariable | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case (n = 49) | Control (n = 98) | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
 Sex, male (%) | 20 (41%) | 37 (38%) |  |  | 0.43 |  |  |  |
 Age {year, median (range)} | 51 (0–82) | 47 (0–82) |  |  | 0.34 |  |  |  |
Related to hospitalization | ||||||||
 Prior hospital stay (<6 months) | 38 (78%) | 59 (60%) | 2.36 | 1.05-5.30 | 0.04 |  |  |  |
 ICU stay (<6 months) | 18 (37%) | 10 (10%) | 3.05 | 1.60-5.82 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Operation history | 26 (53%) | 28 (29%) | 2.53 | 1.28-5.01 | 0.01 |  |  |  |
 Urinary catheter insertion | 32 (65%) | 19 (19%) | 5.34 | 2.58-11.06 | 0.00 | 7.14 | 2.37-21.49 | 0.00 |
 Mechanical ventilation | 16 (33%) | 18 (18%) | 12.45 | 2.92-53.05 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Tracheostomy | 12 (24%) | 1 (1%) | 7.45 | 1.33-41.65 | 0.02 |  |  |  |
 Central venous catheter insertion | 15 (31%) | 1 (1%) | 7.17 | 2.01-25.60 | 0.00 | 8.85 | 1.04-75.51 | 0.04 |
 Bronchofibroscope use | 7 (14%) | 2 (2%) | 6.74 | 1.52-29.83 | 0.01 |  |  |  |
 Gastric tube insertion | 28 (57%) | 4 (4%) | 19.25 | 2.77-133.69 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Wound drainage tube use | 18 (37%) | 27 (28%) | 3.04 | 1.60-5.78 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
Underlying disorder | ||||||||
 Central nervous diseases | 17 (34%) | 23 (23%) | 1.73 | 0.82-3.67 | 0.11 |  |  |  |
 Respiratory diseases | 7 (14%) | 13 (13%) | 1.09 | 0.41-2.63 | 0.53 |  |  |  |
 Circulatory diseases | 11 (22%) | 21 (21%) | 1.06 | 0.46-2.43 | 0.52 |  |  |  |
 Endocrine diseases | 7 (14%) | 8 ( 8%) | 1.88 | 0.64-5.51 | 0.19 |  |  |  |
 Hematological diseases | 3 (6%) | 10 (10%) | 0.57 | 0.15-2.19 | 0.31 |  |  |  |
 Digestive system diseases | 9 (18%) | 16 (16%) | 1.15 | 0.47-2.84 | 0.46 |  |  |  |
 Urinary system diseases | 9 (18%) | 8 ( 28%) | 5.06 | 1.37-18.76 | 0.02 | 16.79 | 0.72-389.5 | 0.07 |
 Autoimmune diseases | 3 (6%) | 4 (4%) | 1.53 | 0.33-7.13 | 0.01 |  |  |  |
 Burn | 10 (20%) | 18.54 | 18.54 | 2.36-145.58 | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Antimicrobials agents exposure | ||||||||
 Cephalosporins a | 36 (73%) | 28 (29%) | 6.92 | 3.20-14.97 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Carbapenemsb | 19 (38%) | 4 ( 4%) | 7.41 | 2.46-22.36 | 0.00 | 12.02 | 1.52-95.4 | 0.01 |
 Antifungal agentsc | 17 (35%) | 2 (2%) | 4.72 | 1.65-13.52 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Anti-anaerobic agentsd | 2 (4%) | 3 (3%) | 1.35 | 0.22-8.34 | 0.54 |  |  |  |
 Glycopeptidese and Oxazolidinones | 13 (27%) | 0 (0%) | 4.69 | 1.53-4.31 | 0.01 |  |  |  |
Relative laboratory results | ||||||||
 White blood cellcount | 11 ± 7 | 7 ± 4 | 1.95 | 1.11-3.43 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Hemoglobin | 104 ± 26 | 122 ± 23 | 2.25 | 1.41-3.57 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Blood albumin | 32 ± 7 | 40 ± 5 | 4.03 | 2.15-7.58 | 0.00 |  |  |  |
 Blood glucose | 9 ± 7 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 5.29 | 2.09-13.41 | 0.00 |  |  |  |