Table 1 Frequency of positive cultures and percentages of uropathogens in 176 children with spina bifida on clean intermittent catheterization on and off antibiotic prophylaxis

Patients with only negative urine tests

23

13.1

11

12.5

12

13.6

Patients with one or more positive cultures

153

86.9

77

87.5

76

86.4

Pearson chi-square 0.635

SBU

137

77.8

70

79.5

67

76.1

1,000

UTI

107

60.8

55

62.5

52

59.1

0.643

Number of positive cultures

713

14.5

370

343

SBU

398

55.8

199

53.8

199

58.0

UTI

315

44.2

171

46.2

144

42.0

CI

CI

CI

Mean number of positive cultures per patient (95% CI)

4.66

(4.1-5.2)

4.81

(4.1-5.5)

4.51

(3.8-5.2)

negative binominal analysis 0.573

SBU

2.60

(2.3-2.9)

2.58

(2.2-3.0)

2.62

(2.1-3.1)

0.915

UTI

2.06

(1.7-2.4)

2.22

(1.7-2.7)

1.89

(1.4-2.4)

0.364

Uropathogens in positive cultures (% of positive cultures)

%

%

%

E.coli

387

54.3

200

54.1

187

54.5

Pearson chi-square 0.429

Non E.coli

326

45.7

170

45.9

156

45.5

Gram negative

631

88.5

326

88.1

305

88.9

0.901

Enterobacteriaceae

AmpC negative

E.coli

387

54.3

200

54.1

187

54.5

Klebsiella pneumoniae

42

5.9

21

5.7

21

6.1

Proteus mirabilis

34

4.8

15

4.1

19

5.5

Klebsiella oxytoca

21

2.9

16

4.3

5

1.5

AmpC positive

Enterobacter cloacae

18

2.5

10

2.7

8

2.3

Citrobacter freundii

17

2.4

11

3.0

6

1.7

Non fermenting bacilli

Pseudomonas auroginosa

47

6.6

29

7.8

18

5.2

Other

65

9.1

24

6.5

41

12.0

Gram positive

82

11.5

44

11.9

38

11.1

0.762

Enterococcal species

56

7.9

30

8.1

26

7.6

Staphylococcus aureus

18

2.5

10

2.7

8

2.3

Other gram positive

8

1.1

4

1.1

4

1.2

CI = 95% confidence interval

SBU = significant bacteriuria

UTI = urinary tract infection