Table 3 Results from bivariate and multivariate regression models examining associations between testing positive for HIV or STI and sociodemographics and syndemic conditions

Age

0.98 (0.95–1.02)

χ ² = 1.62, p = 0.20

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

χ ² = 0.29, p = 0.59

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

χ ² = 1.84, p = 0.18

1.05 (1.00–1.10)

χ ² = 3.37, p = 0.066

Marital status

χ ² = 0.82, p = 0.37

χ ² = 0.19, p = 0.66

 Married

2.02 (0.44–9.24)

1.32 (0.36–4.98)

 Unmarried

-

-

Education

χ ² = 3.24, df = 2, p = 0.20

χ ² = 1.57, df = 2, p = 0.46

χ ² = 0.32, df = 2, p = 0.85

 Secondary >

0.17 (0.02–1.17)

0.27 (0.03–2.19)

1.54 (0.29–8.17)

 Primary

0.22 (0.03–1.45)

0.30 (0.04–2.25)

1.32 (0.27–6.51)

 No formal education

-

-

Employment

χ ² = 3.37, df = 2, p = 0.19

χ ² = 1.64, df = 2, p = 0.44

χ ² = 0.95, df = 2, p = 0.62

 Throughout the year

0.84 (0.24–2.97)

1.06 (0.28–4.04)

1.45 (0.61–3.43)

 Part of the year

2.20 (0.60–8.06)

2.07 (0.53–8.12)

1.42 (0.57–3.57)

 Once in a while/never

-

-

-

Depression

χ ² = 2.09, p = 0.15

χ ² = 0.94, p = 0.33

χ ² = 10.39, p = 0.001

χ ² = 8.18, p = 0.004

 Yes

2.30 (0.74–7.08)

1.86 (0.53–6.52)

3.63 (1.66–7.93)

3.42 (1.48–7.92)

 No

-

-

-

-

Emotional IPV

χ ² = 6.69, p = 0.01

χ ² = 0.13, p = 0.72

χ ² = 3.01, p = 0.08

χ ² = 2.73, p = 0.09

 Yes

1.92 (1.02–2.42)

1.30 (0.32–5.30)

2.07 (0.91–4.69)

2.53 (0.84–7.60)

 No

-

-

-

-

Physical IPV

χ ² = 2.03, p = 0.15

χ ² = 0.11, p = 0.74

χ ² = 1.38, p = 0.24

χ ² = 0.12, p = 0.73

 Yes

2.14 (0.07–7.37)

1.41 (0.18–10.87)

1.60 (0.72–3.77)

0.81 (0.24–2.68)

 No

-

-

-

-

Alcohol use (AUDIT)

χ ² = 2.82, df = 2, p = 0.24

χ ² = 0.47, df = 2, p = 0.79

χ ² = 4.12, df = 2, p = 0.13

χ ² = 3.63, df = 2, p = 0.16

 Problematic drinking^a

1.70 (0.83–3.51)

1.56 (0.37–6.57)

2.25 (0.90–4.92)

1.53 (0.30–7.81)

 Lower risk drinking

0.85 (0.35–2.24)

0.78 (0.08–7.46)

2.99 (0.85–8.93)

4.27 (0.93–19.71)

 No drinking

-

-

-

-