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Table 1 Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for patients with CTXNS-En and CTXS-En bacteremia

From: Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of cefotaxime-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia: a case control study

Characteristics

CTXNS-En

(n = 37)

CTXS-En

(n = 74)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Age

66 (19–93)

67 (19–90)

 

0.98

  

Male

24 (65%)

41 (55%)

 

0.34

  

Nosocomial or healthcare-associated bacteremia

34 (92%)

59 (80%)

2.88 (0.73–16.49)

0.17

  

Previous isolation of MDR bacteria

15 (41%)

9 (12%)

4.92 (1.71–14.51)

<0.01

  

Previous isolation of CTXNS-En

17 (46%)

6 (8%)

9.63 (3.04–33.20)

<0.01

12.32 (3.69–41.12)

<0.01

Previous isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

11 (30%)

7 (9%)

4.05 (1.26–13.58)

0.01

  

Previous ICU admission within 30 days

9 (24%)

11 (15%)

1.84 (0.60–5.50)

0.29

  

Previous antibiotic use within 30 daysa

 Any antibiotics

28 (76%)

38 (51%)

2.95 (1.14–8.04)

0.02

  

 Penicillins

2 (5%)

2 (3%)

2.06 (0.14–29.27)

0.60

  

 Third-generation cephalosporins

8 (22%)

7 (9%)

2.64 (0.75–9.36)

0.09

  

 Other cephems

15 (41%)

14 (19%)

2.92 (1.11–7.69)

0.02

  

 β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors

6 (16%)

3 (4%)

4.58 (0.90–29.66)

0.06

  

 Carbapenems

6 (16%)

5 (7%)

2.67 (0.62–11.85)

0.18

  

 Fluoroquinolones

6 (16%)

7 (9%)

1.85 (0.47–7.01)

0.35

  

 Aminoglycosides

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

0

1.00

  

 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

8 (22%)

14 (19%)

1.18 (0.38–3.43)

0.80

  

 Glycopeptides

7 (19%)

6 (8%)

2.61 (0.68–10.17)

0.12

  

Duration of previous antibiotic use

11 (0–30)

7 (0–30)

 

0.02

  

Charlson index

4 (0–9)

3 (0–14)

 

0.21

  

Hematological malignancy

7 (19%)

7 (9%)

2.23 (0.60–8.14)

0.22

  

Solid malignancy

11 (30%)

30 (41%)

0.62 (0.24–1.55)

0.30

  

Transplantation

10 (27%)

6 (8%)

4.20 (1.22–15.31)

0.01

  

Hemodialysis

4 (11%)

5 (7%)

1.67 (0.31–8.30)

0.48

  

Diabetes

9 (24%)

19 (26%)

0.93 (0.33–2.51)

1.00

  

Cardiac disease

18 (49%)

16 (22%)

3.43 (1.35–8.75)

<0.01

5.00 (1.64–15.28)

<0.01

Chronic lung disease

8 (22%)

12 (16%)

1.43 (0.45–4.27)

0.60

  

Liver disease

10 (27%)

17 (23%)

1.24 (0.44–3.33)

0.65

  

Pancreatobilliary disease

4 (11%)

20 (27%)

0.33 (0.08–1.11)

0.05

  

Chronic kidney disease

13 (35%)

27 (36%)

0.94 (0.38–2.31)

1.00

  

Connective tissue disease

4 (11%)

8 (11%)

1.00 (0.21–4.06)

1.00

  

Intravascular catheter

31 (84%)

40 (54%)

4.39 (1.54–14.26)

<0.01

5.33 (1.46–19.49)

0.01

Urinary catheter

16 (43%)

19 (26%)

2.21 (0.88–5.50)

0.08

  

Mechanical ventilation

6 (16%)

4 (5%)

3.39 (0.73–17.31)

0.08

  

Other artificial devices

19 (51%)

22 (30%)

2.49 (1.02–6.10)

0.04

  

Use of immunosuppressive therapy within 30 days

20 (54%)

40 (54%)

1.00 (0.42–2.39)

1.00

  

Neutropenia

5 (14%)

12 (16%)

0.807 (0.20–2.74)

0.79

  

Previous surgery within 30 daysb

12 (32%)

6 (8%)

5.44 (1.65–19.34)

<0.01

4.37 (1.17–16.41)

0.03

Invasive procedure within 30 days

17 (46%)

18 (24%)

2.64 (1.05–6.63)

<0.03

  

Source of infection

 Urinary tract infection

8 (22%)

16 (22%)

1.00 (0.33–2.83)

1.00

  

 Intraabdominal infection

7 (19%)

18 (24%)

0.73 (0.23–2.09)

0.63

  

 Pneumonia

2 (5%)

2 (3%)

2.06 (0.14–29.27)

0.60

  

 Primary bacteremia

14 (38%)

26 (35%)

1.12 (0.45–2.74)

0.84

  

 Other infection

6 (16%)

12 (16%)

1.00 (0.28–3.22)

1.00

  

SOFA score

3 (0–10)

3 (0–21)

 

0.34

  
  1. Data are presented as nos. (%) or medians (interquartile ranges)
  2. MDR multidrug-resistant, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  3. aAll 10 patients who had bacteremia with c-AmpC-overproducing Enterobacteriaceae, including 8 E. cloacae, 1 E. asbriae and 1 C. freundii, were exposed to β-lactams within 30 days
  4. bThe numbers of patients who had cardiovascular surgery within 30 days were similar in the CTXNS-En and CTXS-En groups (n = 1 [3%] and n = 3 [4%], respectively; p = 0.72)