Fig. 1

Distribution of different emm types (a) and HaeIII vir types (b) among isolates. 140 isolates yielded interpretable emm types and HaeIII vir types. Genomic DNA was prepared using the phenol-chloroform method. emm gene was amplified by “all M” primers and further sequenced with “all M” forward primer. The sequences were subjected to homology search by Blast search analysis (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/ strepblast.htm) as described in Methods. GAS isolates represented 20 different emm types. The most predominant emm types found were emm49 (17.85%), followed by emm25 (12.14%), emm77 (10.71%). emm9, emm80, emm92 and emm81 was observed in 6.42%. Rests were found in very low percentage (a). vir regulon specific amplicon was amplified by VUF and SBR primers and resolved on 0.8% agarose gel. RFLP was further carried out using HaeIII restriction enzyme and products were resolved on 1% agarose gel. Out of 13 HaeIII vir types, the most commonly found vir type was VT8 (27.14%), followed by VT4 (17.14%), VT3 (11.4%), VT12 (10%) and VT7 (8.57%) (b)